Security Configuration Assessment Report

for crosslife-cybersec

  • Target IP Address: 127.0.0.1

CIS Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS Benchmark v1.1.0

  • Level 1 - Server
  • Wednesday, April 13 2022 17:15:30
  • Assessment Duration: 25 seconds

Report generated by the Center for Internet Security's Configuration Assessment Tool (CIS-CAT Pro Assessor) v4.14.0.

For further information, please visit The Center for Internet Security or our Product Support page.

Copyright ©2022, The Center for Internet Security

Content generated on 04/13/2022 17:15 PM. Content last obtained on 01/26/2022 14:26 PM.

Summary

Description Tests Scoring
Pass Fail Error Unkn. Man. Score Max Percent
1 Initial Setup 42 0 0 0 7 42.0 42.0 100%
1.1 Filesystem Configuration 21 0 0 0 3 21.0 21.0 100%
1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems 6 0 0 0 0 6.0 6.0 100%
1.2 Configure Software Updates 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0.0 0%
1.3 Filesystem Integrity Checking 2 0 0 0 0 2.0 2.0 100%
1.4 Secure Boot Settings 4 0 0 0 0 4.0 4.0 100%
1.5 Additional Process Hardening 3 0 0 0 1 3.0 3.0 100%
1.6 Mandatory Access Control 3 0 0 0 0 3.0 3.0 100%
1.6.1 Configure AppArmor 3 0 0 0 0 3.0 3.0 100%
1.7 Command Line Warning Banners 6 0 0 0 0 6.0 6.0 100%
1.8 GNOME Display Manager 3 0 0 0 0 3.0 3.0 100%
2 Services 26 0 0 0 1 26.0 26.0 100%
2.1 Special Purpose Services 20 0 0 0 0 20.0 20.0 100%
2.1.1 Time Synchronization 4 0 0 0 0 4.0 4.0 100%
2.2 Service Clients 6 0 0 0 0 6.0 6.0 100%
3 Network Configuration 34 0 0 0 6 34.0 34.0 100%
3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices 1 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 100%
3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only) 2 0 0 0 0 2.0 2.0 100%
3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router) 9 0 0 0 0 9.0 9.0 100%
3.4 Uncommon Network Protocols 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0%
3.5 Firewall Configuration 22 0 0 0 6 22.0 22.0 100%
3.5.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall 5 0 0 0 2 5.0 5.0 100%
3.5.2 Configure nftables 8 0 0 0 2 8.0 8.0 100%
3.5.3 Configure iptables 9 0 0 0 2 9.0 9.0 100%
3.5.3.1 Configure iptables software 3 0 0 0 0 3.0 3.0 100%
3.5.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables 3 0 0 0 1 3.0 3.0 100%
3.5.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables 3 0 0 0 1 3.0 3.0 100%
4 Logging and Auditing 8 1 0 0 3 8.0 9.0 89%
4.1 Configure System Accounting (auditd) 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0%
4.1.1 Ensure auditing is enabled 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0%
4.1.2 Configure Data Retention 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0%
4.2 Configure Logging 7 1 0 0 2 7.0 8.0 88%
4.2.1 Configure rsyslog 3 1 0 0 2 3.0 4.0 75%
4.2.2 Configure journald 3 0 0 0 0 3.0 3.0 100%
5 Access, Authentication and Authorization 46 0 0 0 1 46.0 46.0 100%
5.1 Configure time-based job schedulers 9 0 0 0 0 9.0 9.0 100%
5.2 Configure sudo 3 0 0 0 0 3.0 3.0 100%
5.3 Configure SSH Server 20 0 0 0 0 20.0 20.0 100%
5.4 Configure PAM 4 0 0 0 0 4.0 4.0 100%
5.5 User Accounts and Environment 9 0 0 0 0 9.0 9.0 100%
5.5.1 Set Shadow Password Suite Parameters 5 0 0 0 0 5.0 5.0 100%
6 System Maintenance 27 1 0 0 2 27.0 28.0 96%
6.1 System File Permissions 11 0 0 0 2 11.0 11.0 100%
6.2 User and Group Settings 16 1 0 0 0 16.0 17.0 94%
Total 183 2 0 0 20 183.0 185.0 99%

Note: Actual scores are subject to rounding errors. The sum of these values may not result in the exact overall score.

Profiles

This benchmark contains 4 profiles.The Level 1 - Server profile was used for this assessment.

Title Description
Level 1 - Server

Items in this profile intend to:

  • be practical and prudent;
  • provide a clear security benefit; and
  • not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.

This profile is intended for servers.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_1_-_Server">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 1 - Server</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>Items in this profile intend to:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>be practical and prudent;</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>provide a clear security benefit; and</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for servers.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
Level 2 - Server

This profile extends the "Level 1 - Server" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:

  • are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.
  • acts as defense in depth measure.
  • may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.

This profile is intended for servers.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_2_-_Server">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 2 - Server</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>This profile extends the "Level 1 - Server" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>acts as defense in depth measure.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for servers.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.11_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.15_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.16_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.17_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.1_Ensure_GNOME_Display_Manager_is_removed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Disable_IPv6"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.4_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.10_Ensure_unsuccessful_unauthorized_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.11_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.12_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.14_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.15_Ensure_system_administrator_command_executions_sudo_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.16_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_and_unloading_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.17_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.6_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.20_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Audit_system_file_permissions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
Level 1 - Workstation

Items in this profile intend to:

  • be practical and prudent;
  • provide a clear security benefit; and
  • not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.

This profile is intended for workstations.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_1_-_Workstation">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 1 - Workstation</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>Items in this profile intend to:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>be practical and prudent;</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>provide a clear security benefit; and</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for workstations.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.6_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
Level 2 - Workstation

This profile extends the "Level 1 - Workstation" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:

  • are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.
  • acts as defense in depth measure.
  • may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.

This profile is intended for workstations.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_2_-_Workstation">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 2 - Workstation</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>This profile extends the "Level 1 - Workstation" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>acts as defense in depth measure.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for workstations.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.11_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.15_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.16_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.17_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Disable_IPv6"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.4_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.10_Ensure_unsuccessful_unauthorized_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.11_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.12_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.14_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.15_Ensure_system_administrator_command_executions_sudo_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.16_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_and_unloading_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.17_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.6_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.20_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Audit_system_file_permissions"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
⇧

Assessment Results

w Benchmark Item Result
1 Initial Setup
1.1 Filesystem Configuration
1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems
1.0 1.1.1.1 Ensure mounting of cramfs filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.2 Ensure mounting of freevxfs filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.3 Ensure mounting of jffs2 filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.4 Ensure mounting of hfs filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.5 Ensure mounting of hfsplus filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.7 Ensure mounting of udf filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.2 Ensure /tmp is configured Pass
1.0 1.1.3 Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition Pass
1.0 1.1.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition Pass
1.0 1.1.5 Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition Pass
1.0 1.1.6 Ensure /dev/shm is configured Pass
1.0 1.1.7 Ensure nodev option set on /dev/shm partition Pass
1.0 1.1.8 Ensure nosuid option set on /dev/shm partition Pass
1.0 1.1.9 Ensure noexec option set on /dev/shm partition Pass
1.0 1.1.12 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the nodev option Pass
1.0 1.1.13 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the nosuid option Pass
1.0 1.1.14 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the noexec option Pass
1.0 1.1.18 Ensure /home partition includes the nodev option Pass


1.1.19 Ensure nodev option set on removable media partitions Manual


1.1.20 Ensure nosuid option set on removable media partitions Manual


1.1.21 Ensure noexec option set on removable media partitions Manual
1.0 1.1.22 Ensure sticky bit is set on all world-writable directories Pass
1.0 1.1.23 Disable Automounting Pass
1.0 1.1.24 Disable USB Storage Pass
1.2 Configure Software Updates


1.2.1 Ensure package manager repositories are configured Manual


1.2.2 Ensure GPG keys are configured Manual
1.3 Filesystem Integrity Checking
1.0 1.3.1 Ensure AIDE is installed Pass
1.0 1.3.2 Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked Pass
1.4 Secure Boot Settings
1.0 1.4.1 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are not overridden Pass
1.0 1.4.2 Ensure bootloader password is set Pass
1.0 1.4.3 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are configured Pass
1.0 1.4.4 Ensure authentication required for single user mode Pass
1.5 Additional Process Hardening


1.5.1 Ensure XD/NX support is enabled Manual
1.0 1.5.2 Ensure address space layout randomization (ASLR) is enabled Pass
1.0 1.5.3 Ensure prelink is not installed Pass
1.0 1.5.4 Ensure core dumps are restricted Pass
1.6 Mandatory Access Control
1.6.1 Configure AppArmor
1.0 1.6.1.1 Ensure AppArmor is installed Pass
1.0 1.6.1.2 Ensure AppArmor is enabled in the bootloader configuration Pass
1.0 1.6.1.3 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are in enforce or complain mode Pass
1.7 Command Line Warning Banners
1.0 1.7.1 Ensure message of the day is configured properly Pass
1.0 1.7.2 Ensure local login warning banner is configured properly Pass
1.0 1.7.3 Ensure remote login warning banner is configured properly Pass
1.0 1.7.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/motd are configured Pass
1.0 1.7.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue are configured Pass
1.0 1.7.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue.net are configured Pass
1.8 GNOME Display Manager
1.0 1.8.2 Ensure GDM login banner is configured Pass
1.0 1.8.3 Ensure disable-user-list is enabled Pass
1.0 1.8.4 Ensure XDCMP is not enabled Pass


1.9 Ensure updates, patches, and additional security software are installed Manual
2 Services
2.1 Special Purpose Services
2.1.1 Time Synchronization
1.0 2.1.1.1 Ensure time synchronization is in use Pass
1.0 2.1.1.2 Ensure systemd-timesyncd is configured Pass
1.0 2.1.1.3 Ensure chrony is configured Pass
1.0 2.1.1.4 Ensure ntp is configured Pass
1.0 2.1.2 Ensure X Window System is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.3 Ensure Avahi Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.4 Ensure CUPS is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.5 Ensure DHCP Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.6 Ensure LDAP server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.7 Ensure NFS is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.8 Ensure DNS Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.9 Ensure FTP Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.10 Ensure HTTP server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.11 Ensure IMAP and POP3 server are not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.12 Ensure Samba is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.13 Ensure HTTP Proxy Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.14 Ensure SNMP Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.15 Ensure mail transfer agent is configured for local-only mode Pass
1.0 2.1.16 Ensure rsync service is not installed Pass
1.0 2.1.17 Ensure NIS Server is not installed Pass
2.2 Service Clients
1.0 2.2.1 Ensure NIS Client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.2 Ensure rsh client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.3 Ensure talk client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.4 Ensure telnet client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.5 Ensure LDAP client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.6 Ensure RPC is not installed Pass


2.3 Ensure nonessential services are removed or masked Manual
3 Network Configuration
3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices
1.0 3.1.2 Ensure wireless interfaces are disabled Pass
3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only)
1.0 3.2.1 Ensure packet redirect sending is disabled Pass
1.0 3.2.2 Ensure IP forwarding is disabled Pass
3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router)
1.0 3.3.1 Ensure source routed packets are not accepted Pass
1.0 3.3.2 Ensure ICMP redirects are not accepted Pass
1.0 3.3.3 Ensure secure ICMP redirects are not accepted Pass
1.0 3.3.4 Ensure suspicious packets are logged Pass
1.0 3.3.5 Ensure broadcast ICMP requests are ignored Pass
1.0 3.3.6 Ensure bogus ICMP responses are ignored Pass
1.0 3.3.7 Ensure Reverse Path Filtering is enabled Pass
1.0 3.3.8 Ensure TCP SYN Cookies is enabled Pass
1.0 3.3.9 Ensure IPv6 router advertisements are not accepted Pass
3.4 Uncommon Network Protocols
3.5 Firewall Configuration
3.5.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall
1.0 3.5.1.1 Ensure ufw is installed Pass
1.0 3.5.1.2 Ensure iptables-persistent is not installed with ufw Pass
1.0 3.5.1.3 Ensure ufw service is enabled Pass
1.0 3.5.1.4 Ensure ufw loopback traffic is configured Pass


3.5.1.5 Ensure ufw outbound connections are configured Manual


3.5.1.6 Ensure ufw firewall rules exist for all open ports Manual
1.0 3.5.1.7 Ensure ufw default deny firewall policy Pass
3.5.2 Configure nftables
1.0 3.5.2.1 Ensure nftables is installed Pass
1.0 3.5.2.2 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with nftables Pass


3.5.2.3 Ensure iptables are flushed with nftables Manual
1.0 3.5.2.4 Ensure a nftables table exists Pass
1.0 3.5.2.5 Ensure nftables base chains exist Pass
1.0 3.5.2.6 Ensure nftables loopback traffic is configured Pass


3.5.2.7 Ensure nftables outbound and established connections are configured Manual
1.0 3.5.2.8 Ensure nftables default deny firewall policy Pass
1.0 3.5.2.9 Ensure nftables service is enabled Pass
1.0 3.5.2.10 Ensure nftables rules are permanent Pass
3.5.3 Configure iptables
3.5.3.1 Configure iptables software
1.0 3.5.3.1.1 Ensure iptables packages are installed Pass
1.0 3.5.3.1.2 Ensure nftables is not installed with iptables Pass
1.0 3.5.3.1.3 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with iptables Pass
3.5.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables
1.0 3.5.3.2.1 Ensure iptables loopback traffic is configured Pass


3.5.3.2.2 Ensure iptables outbound and established connections are configured Manual
1.0 3.5.3.2.3 Ensure iptables default deny firewall policy Pass
1.0 3.5.3.2.4 Ensure iptables firewall rules exist for all open ports Pass
3.5.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables
1.0 3.5.3.3.1 Ensure ip6tables loopback traffic is configured Pass


3.5.3.3.2 Ensure ip6tables outbound and established connections are configured Manual
1.0 3.5.3.3.3 Ensure ip6tables default deny firewall policy Pass
1.0 3.5.3.3.4 Ensure ip6tables firewall rules exist for all open ports Pass
4 Logging and Auditing
4.1 Configure System Accounting (auditd)
4.1.1 Ensure auditing is enabled
4.1.2 Configure Data Retention
4.2 Configure Logging
4.2.1 Configure rsyslog
1.0 4.2.1.1 Ensure rsyslog is installed Pass
1.0 4.2.1.2 Ensure rsyslog Service is enabled Pass


4.2.1.3 Ensure logging is configured Manual
1.0 4.2.1.4 Ensure rsyslog default file permissions configured Pass
1.0 4.2.1.5 Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host Fail


4.2.1.6 Ensure remote rsyslog messages are only accepted on designated log hosts. Manual
4.2.2 Configure journald
1.0 4.2.2.1 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog Pass
1.0 4.2.2.2 Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files Pass
1.0 4.2.2.3 Ensure journald is configured to write logfiles to persistent disk Pass
1.0 4.2.3 Ensure permissions on all logfiles are configured Pass


4.3 Ensure logrotate is configured Manual
1.0 4.4 Ensure logrotate assigns appropriate permissions Pass
5 Access, Authentication and Authorization
5.1 Configure time-based job schedulers
1.0 5.1.1 Ensure cron daemon is enabled and running Pass
1.0 5.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/crontab are configured Pass
1.0 5.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.hourly are configured Pass
1.0 5.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.daily are configured Pass
1.0 5.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.weekly are configured Pass
1.0 5.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.monthly are configured Pass
1.0 5.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.d are configured Pass
1.0 5.1.8 Ensure cron is restricted to authorized users Pass
1.0 5.1.9 Ensure at is restricted to authorized users Pass
5.2 Configure sudo
1.0 5.2.1 Ensure sudo is installed Pass
1.0 5.2.2 Ensure sudo commands use pty Pass
1.0 5.2.3 Ensure sudo log file exists Pass
5.3 Configure SSH Server
1.0 5.3.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/ssh/sshd_config are configured Pass
1.0 5.3.2 Ensure permissions on SSH private host key files are configured Pass
1.0 5.3.3 Ensure permissions on SSH public host key files are configured Pass
1.0 5.3.4 Ensure SSH access is limited Pass
1.0 5.3.5 Ensure SSH LogLevel is appropriate Pass
1.0 5.3.7 Ensure SSH MaxAuthTries is set to 4 or less Pass
1.0 5.3.8 Ensure SSH IgnoreRhosts is enabled Pass
1.0 5.3.9 Ensure SSH HostbasedAuthentication is disabled Pass
1.0 5.3.10 Ensure SSH root login is disabled Pass
1.0 5.3.11 Ensure SSH PermitEmptyPasswords is disabled Pass
1.0 5.3.12 Ensure SSH PermitUserEnvironment is disabled Pass
1.0 5.3.13 Ensure only strong Ciphers are used Pass
1.0 5.3.14 Ensure only strong MAC algorithms are used Pass
1.0 5.3.15 Ensure only strong Key Exchange algorithms are used Pass
1.0 5.3.16 Ensure SSH Idle Timeout Interval is configured Pass
1.0 5.3.17 Ensure SSH LoginGraceTime is set to one minute or less Pass
1.0 5.3.18 Ensure SSH warning banner is configured Pass
1.0 5.3.19 Ensure SSH PAM is enabled Pass
1.0 5.3.21 Ensure SSH MaxStartups is configured Pass
1.0 5.3.22 Ensure SSH MaxSessions is limited Pass
5.4 Configure PAM
1.0 5.4.1 Ensure password creation requirements are configured Pass
1.0 5.4.2 Ensure lockout for failed password attempts is configured Pass
1.0 5.4.3 Ensure password reuse is limited Pass
1.0 5.4.4 Ensure password hashing algorithm is SHA-512 Pass
5.5 User Accounts and Environment
5.5.1 Set Shadow Password Suite Parameters
1.0 5.5.1.1 Ensure minimum days between password changes is configured Pass
1.0 5.5.1.2 Ensure password expiration is 365 days or less Pass
1.0 5.5.1.3 Ensure password expiration warning days is 7 or more Pass
1.0 5.5.1.4 Ensure inactive password lock is 30 days or less Pass
1.0 5.5.1.5 Ensure all users last password change date is in the past Pass
1.0 5.5.2 Ensure system accounts are secured Pass
1.0 5.5.3 Ensure default group for the root account is GID 0 Pass
1.0 5.5.4 Ensure default user umask is 027 or more restrictive Pass
1.0 5.5.5 Ensure default user shell timeout is 900 seconds or less Pass


5.6 Ensure root login is restricted to system console Manual
1.0 5.7 Ensure access to the su command is restricted Pass
6 System Maintenance
6.1 System File Permissions
1.0 6.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/group are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/group- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.8 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.9 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.10 Ensure no world writable files exist Pass
1.0 6.1.11 Ensure no unowned files or directories exist Pass
1.0 6.1.12 Ensure no ungrouped files or directories exist Pass


6.1.13 Audit SUID executables Manual


6.1.14 Audit SGID executables Manual
6.2 User and Group Settings
1.0 6.2.1 Ensure accounts in /etc/passwd use shadowed passwords Pass
1.0 6.2.2 Ensure password fields are not empty Pass
1.0 6.2.3 Ensure all groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group Pass
1.0 6.2.4 Ensure all users' home directories exist Pass
1.0 6.2.5 Ensure users own their home directories Fail
1.0 6.2.6 Ensure users' home directories permissions are 750 or more restrictive Pass
1.0 6.2.7 Ensure users' dot files are not group or world writable Pass
1.0 6.2.8 Ensure no users have .netrc files Pass
1.0 6.2.9 Ensure no users have .forward files Pass
1.0 6.2.10 Ensure no users have .rhosts files Pass
1.0 6.2.11 Ensure root is the only UID 0 account Pass
1.0 6.2.12 Ensure root PATH Integrity Pass
1.0 6.2.13 Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist Pass
1.0 6.2.14 Ensure no duplicate GIDs exist Pass
1.0 6.2.15 Ensure no duplicate user names exist Pass
1.0 6.2.16 Ensure no duplicate group names exist Pass
1.0 6.2.17 Ensure shadow group is empty Pass
⇧

Assessment Details

1 Initial Setup

Items in this section are advised for all systems, but may be difficult or require extensive preparation after the initial setup of the system.

1.1 Filesystem Configuration

Directories that are used for system-wide functions can be further protected by placing them on separate partitions. This provides protection for resource exhaustion and enables the use of mounting options that are applicable to the directory's intended use. Users' data can be stored on separate partitions and have stricter mount options. A user partition is a filesystem that has been established for use by the users and does not contain software for system operations.

The recommendations in this section are easier to perform during initial system installation. If the system is already installed, it is recommended that a full backup be performed before repartitioning the system.

Note: If you are repartitioning a system that has already been installed, make sure the data has been copied over to the new partition, unmount it and then remove the data from the directory that was in the old partition. Otherwise it will still consume space in the old partition that will be masked when the new filesystem is mounted. For example, if a system is in single-user mode with no filesystems mounted and the administrator adds a lot of data to the /tmp directory, this data will still consume space in / once the /tmp filesystem is mounted unless it is removed first.

1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems

A number of uncommon filesystem types are supported under Linux. Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If a filesystem type is not needed it should be disabled. Native Linux file systems are designed to ensure that built-in security controls function as expected. Non-native filesystems can lead to unexpected consequences to both the security and functionality of the system and should be used with caution. Many filesystems are created for niche use cases and are not maintained and supported as the operating systems are updated and patched. Users of non-native filesystems should ensure that there is attention and ongoing support for them, especially in light of frequent operating system changes.

Standard network connectivity and Internet access to cloud storage may make the use of non-standard filesystem formats to directly attach heterogeneous devices much less attractive.

Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of filesystems. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.

Pass

1.1.1.1 Ensure mounting of cramfs filesystems is disabled

Description:

The cramfs filesystem type is a compressed read-only Linux filesystem embedded in small footprint systems. A cramfs image can be used without having to first decompress the image.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the server. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf

Example: vim /etc/modprobe.d/cramfs.conf

and add the following line:

install cramfs /bin/true

Run the following command to unload the cramfs module:

# rmmod cramfs

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Criterion: Ensure kernel module cramfs is not loadable
Existence Check: At Least One Exists
Item Check: At least one
Result: Pass
Shellcommand Item
Name Type Status Value
Command String Exists modprobe -n -v cramfs
Line Selection String Exists .+
Exit Status Int Exists 0
Stdout Line String Exists insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko
Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true
Criterion: Ensure kernel module cramfs is not loaded
Existence Check: At Least One Exists
Item Check: None satisfy
Result: Pass
Shellcommand Item
Name Type Status Value
Command String Exists modprobe -n -v cramfs
Line Selection String Exists .+
Exit Status Int Exists 0
Stdout Line String Exists insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko
Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.958Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455907"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455907">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455907"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module cramfs is not loadable</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v cramfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455908"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455908">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455908"
                       check="none satisfy"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module cramfs is not loaded</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>None satisfy</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v cramfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
      Subcontrol: 5.1
      Label: Establish Secure Configurations
      Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.1.2 Ensure mounting of freevxfs filesystems is disabled

    Description:

    The freevxfs filesystem type is a free version of the Veritas type filesystem. This is the primary filesystem type for HP-UX operating systems.

    Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

    Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf

    Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/freevxfs.conf

    and add the following line:

    install freevxfs /bin/true

    Run the following command to unload the freevxfs module:

    rmmod freevxfs

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure kernel module freevxfs is not loadable
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: At least one
    Result: Pass
    Shellcommand Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Command String Exists modprobe -n -v freevxfs
    Line Selection String Exists .+
    Exit Status Int Exists 0
    Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true
    Criterion: Ensure kernel module freevxfs is not loaded
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: None satisfy
    Result: Pass
    Shellcommand Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Command String Exists modprobe -n -v freevxfs
    Line Selection String Exists .+
    Exit Status Int Exists 0
    Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.958Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455909"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455909">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455909"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module freevxfs is not loadable</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v freevxfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455910"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455910">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455910"
                       check="none satisfy"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module freevxfs is not loaded</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>None satisfy</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v freevxfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

      CIS Controls V7.0:

      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
        CIS Control Information
        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
        Subcontrol: 5.1
        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

      Back to Summary
      Pass

      1.1.1.3 Ensure mounting of jffs2 filesystems is disabled

      Description:

      The jffs2 (journaling flash filesystem 2) filesystem type is a log-structured filesystem used in flash memory devices.

      Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

      Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf

      Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/jffs2.conf

      and add the following line:

      install jffs2 /bin/true

      Run the following command to unload the jffs2 module:

      # rmmod jffs2

      Show Assessment Evidence
      Complex Check
      AND
      Criterion: Ensure kernel module jffs2 is not loadable
      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
      Item Check: At least one
      Result: Pass
      Shellcommand Item
      Name Type Status Value
      Command String Exists modprobe -n -v jffs2
      Line Selection String Exists .+
      Exit Status Int Exists 0
      Stdout Line String Exists insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko
      Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true
      Criterion: Ensure kernel module jffs2 is not loaded
      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
      Item Check: None satisfy
      Result: Pass
      Shellcommand Item
      Name Type Status Value
      Command String Exists modprobe -n -v jffs2
      Line Selection String Exists .+
      Exit Status Int Exists 0
      Stdout Line String Exists insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko
      Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true


      Show Rule Result XML
      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.958Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455911"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455911">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455911"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module jffs2 is not loadable</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v jffs2</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455912"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455912">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455912"
                       check="none satisfy"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module jffs2 is not loaded</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>None satisfy</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v jffs2</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/mtd/mtd.ko </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

      References:

        CIS Controls V7.0:

        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
          Subcontrol: 5.1
          Label: Establish Secure Configurations
          Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

        Back to Summary
        Pass

        1.1.1.4 Ensure mounting of hfs filesystems is disabled

        Description:

        The hfs filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.

        Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

        Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf

        Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/hfs.conf

        and add the following line:

        install hfs /bin/true

        Run the following command to unload the hfs module:

        # rmmod hfs

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        AND
        Criterion: Ensure kernel module hfs is not loadable
        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
        Item Check: At least one
        Result: Pass
        Shellcommand Item
        Name Type Status Value
        Command String Exists modprobe -n -v hfs
        Line Selection String Exists .+
        Exit Status Int Exists 0
        Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true
        Criterion: Ensure kernel module hfs is not loaded
        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
        Item Check: None satisfy
        Result: Pass
        Shellcommand Item
        Name Type Status Value
        Command String Exists modprobe -n -v hfs
        Line Selection String Exists .+
        Exit Status Int Exists 0
        Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455913"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455913">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455913"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module hfs is not loadable</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v hfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455914"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455914">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455914"
                       check="none satisfy"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module hfs is not loaded</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>None satisfy</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v hfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

        References:

          CIS Controls V7.0:

          • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
            CIS Control Information
            Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
            Subcontrol: 5.1
            Label: Establish Secure Configurations
            Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

          Back to Summary
          Pass

          1.1.1.5 Ensure mounting of hfsplus filesystems is disabled

          Description:

          The hfsplus filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem designed to replace hfs that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.

          Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

          Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf

          Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/hfsplus.conf

          and add the following line:

          install hfsplus /bin/true

          Run the following command to unload the hfsplus module:

          # rmmod hfsplus

          Show Assessment Evidence
          Complex Check
          AND
          Criterion: Ensure kernel module hfsplus is not loaded
          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
          Item Check: None satisfy
          Result: Pass
          Shellcommand Item
          Name Type Status Value
          Command String Exists modprobe -n -v hfsplus
          Line Selection String Exists .+
          Exit Status Int Exists 0
          Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true
          Criterion: Ensure kernel module hfsplus is not loadable
          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
          Item Check: At least one
          Result: Pass
          Shellcommand Item
          Name Type Status Value
          Command String Exists modprobe -n -v hfsplus
          Line Selection String Exists .+
          Exit Status Int Exists 0
          Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true


          Show Rule Result XML
          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455915"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455915">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455915"
                       check="none satisfy"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module hfsplus is not loaded</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>None satisfy</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v hfsplus</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455916"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455916">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455916"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module hfsplus is not loadable</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v hfsplus</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

          References:

            CIS Controls V7.0:

            • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
              CIS Control Information
              Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
              Subcontrol: 5.1
              Label: Establish Secure Configurations
              Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

            Back to Summary
            Pass

            1.1.1.7 Ensure mounting of udf filesystems is disabled

            Description:

            The udf filesystem type is the universal disk format used to implement ISO/IEC 13346 and ECMA-167 specifications. This is an open vendor filesystem type for data storage on a broad range of media. This filesystem type is necessary to support writing DVDs and newer optical disc formats.

            Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

            Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf

            Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/udf.conf

            and add the following line:

            install udf /bin/true

            Run the following command to unload the udf module:

            # rmmod udf

            Show Assessment Evidence
            Complex Check
            AND
            Criterion: Ensure kernel module udf is not loadable
            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
            Item Check: At least one
            Result: Pass
            Shellcommand Item
            Name Type Status Value
            Command String Exists modprobe -n -v udf
            Line Selection String Exists .+
            Exit Status Int Exists 0
            Stdout Line String Exists insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko
            Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true
            Criterion: Ensure kernel module udf is not loaded
            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
            Item Check: None satisfy
            Result: Pass
            Shellcommand Item
            Name Type Status Value
            Command String Exists modprobe -n -v udf
            Line Selection String Exists .+
            Exit Status Int Exists 0
            Stdout Line String Exists insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko
            Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true


            Show Rule Result XML
            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.960Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455919"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455919">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455919"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module udf is not loadable</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v udf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455920"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455920">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455920"
                       check="none satisfy"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module udf is not loaded</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>None satisfy</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v udf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true  </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

            References:

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                Subcontrol: 5.1
                Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.1.2 Ensure /tmp is configured

              Description:

              The /tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and some applications

              Making /tmp its own file system allows an administrator to set the noexec option on the mount, making /tmp useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker from establishing a hardlink to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hardlink would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.

              This can be accomplished by either mounting tmpfs to /tmp, or creating a separate partition for /tmp.

              Configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.

              Example:

              tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

              OR Run the following commands to enable systemd /tmp mounting:

              Run the following command to create the tmp.mount file is the correct location:

              # cp -v /usr/share/systemd/tmp.mount /etc/systemd/system/

              Edit /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount to configure the /tmp mount:

              [Mount]

              What=tmpfs

              Where=/tmp

              Type=tmpfs

              Options=mode=1777,strictatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec

              Run the following command to reload the systemd daemon with the unpdated tmp.mount unit file:

              # systemctl daemon-reload

              Run the following command to enable and start tmp.mount

              # systemctl --now enable tmp.mount

              Impact:

              Since the /tmp directory is intended to be world-writable, there is a risk of resource exhaustion if it is not bound to a separate partition.

              Running out of /tmp space is a problem regardless of what kind of filesystem lies under it, but in a default installation a disk-based /tmp will essentially have the whole disk available, as it only creates a single / partition. On the other hand, a RAM-based /tmp as with tmpfs will almost certainly be much smaller, which can lead to applications filling up the filesystem much more easily.

              /tmp utilizing tmpfs can be resized using the size={size} parameter on the Options line on the tmp.mount file

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp and all
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Partition Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Mount Point String Exists /tmp
              Device String Exists tmpfs
              Uuid String Does not exist No Value
              Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
              Mount Options String Exists rw
              Mount Options String Exists nosuid
              Mount Options String Exists nodev
              Mount Options String Exists noexec
              Mount Options String Exists relatime
              Total Space Int Exists 1533605
              Space Used Int Exists 8
              Space Left Int Exists 1533597


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.961Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519226"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519226">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519226"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/tmp</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>relatime</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533597</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
              • URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                Subcontrol: 5.1
                Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.1.3 Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition

              Description:

              The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

              Since the /tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices in /tmp .

              Edit the /etc/fstab file OR the /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount file:

              If /etc/fstab is used to mount /tmp :

              Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

              Run the following command to remount /tmp :

              # mount -o remount,nodev /tmp

              OR If systemd is used to mount /tmp :

              Edit /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount to add nodev to the /tmp mount options:

              [Mount]

              Options=mode=1777,strictatime,noexec,nodev,nosuid

              Run the following command to restart the systemd daemon:

              # systemctl daemon-reload

              Run the following command to restart tmp.mount

              # systemctl restart tmp.mount

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp and all
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Partition Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Mount Point String Exists /tmp
              Device String Exists tmpfs
              Uuid String Does not exist No Value
              Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
              Mount Options String Exists rw
              Mount Options String Exists nosuid
              Mount Options String Exists nodev
              Mount Options String Exists noexec
              Mount Options String Exists relatime
              Total Space Int Exists 1533605
              Space Used Int Exists 8
              Space Left Int Exists 1533597


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.961Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455922"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455922">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455922"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/tmp</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>relatime</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533597</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                  Subcontrol: 5.1
                  Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                  Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                1.1.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition

                Description:

                The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

                Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /tmp .

                Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                Run the following command to remount /tmp :

                # mount -o remount,nosuid /tmp

                OR Edit /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount to add nosuid to the /tmp mount options:

                [Mount]

                Options=mode=1777,strictatime,noexec,nodev,nosuid

                Run the following command to remount /tmp :

                # mount -o remount,nosuid /tmp

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)
                Existence Check: Any Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                Partition Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Mount Point String Exists /tmp
                Device String Exists tmpfs
                Uuid String Does not exist No Value
                Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
                Mount Options String Exists rw
                Mount Options String Exists nosuid
                Mount Options String Exists nodev
                Mount Options String Exists noexec
                Mount Options String Exists relatime
                Total Space Int Exists 1533605
                Space Used Int Exists 8
                Space Left Int Exists 1533597


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.961Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455923"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455923">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455923"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/tmp</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>relatime</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533597</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                    Subcontrol: 5.1
                    Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                    Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  1.1.5 Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition

                  Description:

                  The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

                  Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /tmp .

                  Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                  Run the following command to remount /tmp :

                  # mount -o remount,noexec /tmp

                  OR Edit /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount to add noexec to the /tmp mount options:

                  [Mount]

                  Options=mode=1777,strictatime,noexec,nodev,nosuid

                  Run the following command to remount /tmp :

                  # mount -o remount,noexec /tmp

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp may exists{else}exists and all
                  Existence Check: Any Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  Partition Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Mount Point String Exists /tmp
                  Device String Exists tmpfs
                  Uuid String Does not exist No Value
                  Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
                  Mount Options String Exists rw
                  Mount Options String Exists nosuid
                  Mount Options String Exists nodev
                  Mount Options String Exists noexec
                  Mount Options String Exists relatime
                  Total Space Int Exists 1533605
                  Space Used Int Exists 8
                  Space Left Int Exists 1533597


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.962Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455924"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455924">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455924"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/tmp</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>relatime</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533597</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                    • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                      CIS Control Information
                      Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                      Subcontrol: 2.6
                      Label: Address unapproved software
                      Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                    Back to Summary
                    Pass

                    1.1.6 Ensure /dev/shm is configured

                    Description:

                    /dev/shm is a traditional shared memory concept. One program will create a memory portion, which other processes (if permitted) can access. Mounting tmpfs at /dev/shm is handled automatically by systemd.

                    Any user can upload and execute files inside the /dev/shm similar to the /tmp partition. Configuring /dev/shm allows an administrator to set the noexec option on the mount, making /dev/shm useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker from establishing a hardlink to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hardlink would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.

                    Edit /etc/fstab and add or edit the following line:

                    tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,noexec,nodev,nosuid,seclabel 0 0

                    Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :

                    # mount -o remount,noexec,nodev,nosuid /dev/shm

                    Show Assessment Evidence
                    Complex Check
                    AND
                    Criterion: Ensure partition at /dev/shm and all
                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                    Item Check: All
                    Result: Pass
                    Partition Item
                    Name Type Status Value
                    Mount Point String Exists /dev/shm
                    Device String Exists tmpfs
                    Uuid String Does not exist No Value
                    Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
                    Mount Options String Exists rw
                    Mount Options String Exists nosuid
                    Mount Options String Exists nodev
                    Mount Options String Exists noexec
                    Total Space Int Exists 1533605
                    Space Used Int Exists 0
                    Space Left Int Exists 1533605


                    Show Rule Result XML
                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.962Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519227"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519227">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519227"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/dev/shm</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                    References:

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                        Subcontrol: 5.1
                        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
                      • Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information.

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      1.1.7 Ensure nodev option set on /dev/shm partition

                      Description:

                      The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

                      Since the /dev/shm filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create special devices in /dev/shm partitions.

                      Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                      Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :

                      # mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /dev/shm

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all
                      Existence Check: Any Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Partition Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Mount Point String Exists /dev/shm
                      Device String Exists tmpfs
                      Uuid String Does not exist No Value
                      Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
                      Mount Options String Exists rw
                      Mount Options String Exists nosuid
                      Mount Options String Exists nodev
                      Mount Options String Exists noexec
                      Total Space Int Exists 1533605
                      Space Used Int Exists 0
                      Space Left Int Exists 1533605


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.962Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455926"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455926">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455926"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/dev/shm</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                          Subcontrol: 5.1
                          Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                          Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        1.1.8 Ensure nosuid option set on /dev/shm partition

                        Description:

                        The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

                        Setting this option on a file system prevents users from introducing privileged programs onto the system and allowing non-root users to execute them.

                        Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                        Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :

                        # mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /dev/shm

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all
                        Existence Check: Any Exist
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        Partition Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Mount Point String Exists /dev/shm
                        Device String Exists tmpfs
                        Uuid String Does not exist No Value
                        Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
                        Mount Options String Exists rw
                        Mount Options String Exists nosuid
                        Mount Options String Exists nodev
                        Mount Options String Exists noexec
                        Total Space Int Exists 1533605
                        Space Used Int Exists 0
                        Space Left Int Exists 1533605


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.963Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455927"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455927">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455927"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/dev/shm</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                          • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                            CIS Control Information
                            Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                            Subcontrol: 5.1
                            Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                            Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                          Back to Summary
                          Pass

                          1.1.9 Ensure noexec option set on /dev/shm partition

                          Description:

                          The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

                          Setting this option on a file system prevents users from executing programs from shared memory. This deters users from introducing potentially malicious software on the system.

                          Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                          Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :

                          # mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /dev/shm

                          Show Assessment Evidence
                          Complex Check
                          AND
                          Criterion: Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all
                          Existence Check: Any Exist
                          Item Check: All
                          Result: Pass
                          Partition Item
                          Name Type Status Value
                          Mount Point String Exists /dev/shm
                          Device String Exists tmpfs
                          Uuid String Does not exist No Value
                          Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
                          Mount Options String Exists rw
                          Mount Options String Exists nosuid
                          Mount Options String Exists nodev
                          Mount Options String Exists noexec
                          Total Space Int Exists 1533605
                          Space Used Int Exists 0
                          Space Left Int Exists 1533605


                          Show Rule Result XML
                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.963Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455928"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455928">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455928"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/dev/shm</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>noexec</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1533605</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                          References:

                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                            • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                              CIS Control Information
                              Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                              Subcontrol: 2.6
                              Label: Address unapproved software
                              Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                            Back to Summary
                            Pass

                            1.1.12 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the nodev option

                            Description:

                            The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

                            Since the /var/tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices in /var/tmp .

                            Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                            Run the following command to remount /var/tmp :

                            # mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /var/tmp

                            Show Assessment Evidence
                            Complex Check
                            AND
                            Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)
                            Existence Check: Any Exist
                            Item Check: All
                            Result: Pass
                            No matching system items were found.


                            Show Rule Result XML
                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.964Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519228"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519228">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519228"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                            References:

                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                              • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                CIS Control Information
                                Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                Subcontrol: 5.1
                                Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                              Back to Summary
                              Pass

                              1.1.13 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the nosuid option

                              Description:

                              The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

                              Since the /var/tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var/tmp .

                              Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                              Run the following command to remount /var/tmp :

                              # mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /var/tmp

                              Show Assessment Evidence
                              Complex Check
                              AND
                              Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)
                              Existence Check: Any Exist
                              Item Check: All
                              Result: Pass
                              No matching system items were found.


                              Show Rule Result XML
                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.964Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456427"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456427">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456427"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                              References:

                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                  CIS Control Information
                                  Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                  Subcontrol: 5.1
                                  Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                  Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                Back to Summary
                                Pass

                                1.1.14 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the noexec option

                                Description:

                                The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

                                Since the /var/tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /var/tmp .

                                Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                                Run the following command to remount /var/tmp :

                                # mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /var/tmp

                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                Complex Check
                                AND
                                Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all
                                Existence Check: Any Exist
                                Item Check: All
                                Result: Pass
                                No matching system items were found.


                                Show Rule Result XML
                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.964Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456428"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456428">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456428"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                References:

                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                  • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                                    CIS Control Information
                                    Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                                    Subcontrol: 2.6
                                    Label: Address unapproved software
                                    Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                                  Back to Summary
                                  Pass

                                  1.1.18 Ensure /home partition includes the nodev option

                                  Description:

                                  The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

                                  Since the user partitions are not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices.

                                  Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /home partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

                                  # mount -o remount,nodev /home

                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                  Complex Check
                                  AND
                                  Criterion: Ensure partition at /home may exists{else}exists and all
                                  Existence Check: Any Exist
                                  Item Check: All
                                  Result: Pass
                                  No matching system items were found.


                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.965Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456429"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456429">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456429"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /home may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                  References:

                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                    • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                      CIS Control Information
                                      Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                      Subcontrol: 5.1
                                      Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                      Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                    Back to Summary
                                    Manual

                                    1.1.19 Ensure nodev option set on removable media partitions

                                    Description:

                                    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

                                    Removable media containing character and block special devices could be used to circumvent security controls by allowing non-root users to access sensitive device files such as /dev/kmem or the raw disk partitions.

                                    Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) of all removable media partitions. Look for entries that have mount points that contain words such as floppy or cdrom. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.



                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.965Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                    References:

                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                        CIS Control Information
                                        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                        Subcontrol: 5.1
                                        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                      Back to Summary
                                      Manual

                                      1.1.20 Ensure nosuid option set on removable media partitions

                                      Description:

                                      The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

                                      Setting this option on a file system prevents users from introducing privileged programs onto the system and allowing non-root users to execute them.

                                      Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) of all removable media partitions. Look for entries that have mount points that contain words such as floppy or cdrom. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.



                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.965Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                      References:

                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                          CIS Control Information
                                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                          Subcontrol: 5.1
                                          Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                          Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                        Back to Summary
                                        Manual

                                        1.1.21 Ensure noexec option set on removable media partitions

                                        Description:

                                        The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

                                        Setting this option on a file system prevents users from executing programs from the removable media. This deters users from being able to introduce potentially malicious software on the system.

                                        Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) of all removable media partitions. Look for entries that have mount points that contain words such as floppy or cdrom. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.



                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.965Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                        References:

                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                          • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                                            CIS Control Information
                                            Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                                            Subcontrol: 2.6
                                            Label: Address unapproved software
                                            Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                                          Back to Summary
                                          Pass

                                          1.1.22 Ensure sticky bit is set on all world-writable directories

                                          Description:

                                          Setting the sticky bit on world writable directories prevents users from deleting or renaming files in that directory that are not owned by them.

                                          This feature prevents the ability to delete or rename files in world writable directories (such as /tmp ) that are owned by another user.

                                          Run the following command to set the sticky bit on all world writable directories:

                                          # df --local -P | awk '{if (NR!=1) print $6}' | xargs -I '{}' find '{}' -xdev -type d \( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 \) 2>/dev/null | xargs -I '{}' chmod a+t '{}'

                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                          Complex Check
                                          AND
                                          Script: sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh
                                          Result: Pass
                                          Exit Value: 101
                                          No output lines were collected.
                                          No error lines were collected.


                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out/>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                          References:

                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                            • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                              CIS Control Information
                                              Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                              Subcontrol: 5.1
                                              Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                              Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                            Back to Summary
                                            Pass

                                            1.1.23 Disable Automounting

                                            Description:

                                            autofs allows automatic mounting of devices, typically including CD/DVDs and USB drives.

                                            With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to mount it themselves.

                                            Run one of the following commands:

                                            Run the following command to disable autofs :

                                            # systemctl --now disable autofs

                                            OR run the following command to remove autofs

                                            # apt purge autofs

                                            Impact:

                                            The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users. If your organization allows the use of portable storage or media on workstations and physical access controls to workstations is considered adequate there is little value add in turning off automounting.

                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                            Complex Check
                                            OR
                                            Criterion: Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal enabled
                                            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                            Item Check: All
                                            Result: Pass
                                            Systemdunitproperty Item
                                            Name Type Status Value
                                            Unit String Exists autofs.service
                                            Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                            Value String Exists No Value
                                            Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'autofs' is not installed
                                            Existence Check: None Exist
                                            Item Check: All
                                            Result: Pass
                                            No matching system items were found.


                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1519231"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1519231_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519231"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519231">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519231"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>autofs.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519232"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519232">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519232"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'autofs' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                            References:

                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                              • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                                                CIS Control Information
                                                Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                                                Subcontrol: 8.4
                                                Label: Configure Anti-Malware Scanning of Removable Devices
                                                Description: Configure devices so that they automatically conduct an anti-malware scan of removable media when inserted or connected.
                                              • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                                                CIS Control Information
                                                Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                                                Subcontrol: 8.5
                                                Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content
                                                Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.

                                              Back to Summary
                                              Pass

                                              1.1.24 Disable USB Storage

                                              Description:

                                              USB storage provides a means to transfer and store files insuring persistence and availability of the files independent of network connection status. Its popularity and utility has led to USB-based malware being a simple and common means for network infiltration and a first step to establishing a persistent threat within a networked environment.

                                              Note: An alternative solution to disabling the usb-storage module may be found in USBGuard. Use of USBGuard and construction of USB device policies should be done in alignment with site policy.

                                              Restricting USB access on the system will decrease the physical attack surface for a device and diminish the possible vectors to introduce malware.

                                              Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf

                                              Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/usb_storage.conf and add the following line:

                                              install usb-storage /bin/true

                                              Run the following command to unload the usb-storage module:

                                              rmmod usb-storage

                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                              Complex Check
                                              AND
                                              Criterion: Ensure kernel module usb-storage is not loaded
                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                              Item Check: None satisfy
                                              Result: Pass
                                              Shellcommand Item
                                              Name Type Status Value
                                              Command String Exists modprobe -n -v usb-storage
                                              Line Selection String Exists .+
                                              Exit Status Int Exists 0
                                              Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true
                                              Criterion: Ensure kernel module usb-storage is not loadable
                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                              Item Check: At least one
                                              Result: Pass
                                              Shellcommand Item
                                              Name Type Status Value
                                              Command String Exists modprobe -n -v usb-storage
                                              Line Selection String Exists .+
                                              Exit Status Int Exists 0
                                              Stdout Line String Exists install /bin/true


                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455960"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455960">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455960"
                       check="none satisfy"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module usb-storage is not loaded</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>None satisfy</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v usb-storage</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455961"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455961">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455961"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure kernel module usb-storage is not loadable</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Command</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>modprobe -n -v usb-storage</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line Selection</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>.+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exit Status</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Stdout Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>install /bin/true </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                              References:

                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                  Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                                                  Subcontrol: 8.4
                                                  Label: Configure Anti-Malware Scanning of Removable Devices
                                                  Description: Configure devices so that they automatically conduct an anti-malware scan of removable media when inserted or connected.
                                                • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                  Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                                                  Subcontrol: 8.5
                                                  Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content
                                                  Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.

                                                Back to Summary

                                                1.2 Configure Software Updates

                                                Debian Family Linux distributions use apt to install and update software packages. Patch management procedures may vary widely between enterprises. Large enterprises may choose to install a local updates server that can be used in place of their distributions servers, whereas a single deployment of a system may prefer to get updates directly. Updates can be performed automatically or manually, depending on the site's policy for patch management. Many large enterprises prefer to test patches on a non-production system before rolling out to production.

                                                For the purpose of this benchmark, the requirement is to ensure that a patch management system is configured and maintained. The specifics on patch update procedures are left to the organization.

                                                Manual

                                                1.2.1 Ensure package manager repositories are configured

                                                Description:

                                                Systems need to have package manager repositories configured to ensure they receive the latest patches and updates.

                                                If a system's package repositories are misconfigured important patches may not be identified or a rogue repository could introduce compromised software.

                                                Configure your package manager repositories according to site policy.



                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                References:

                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                  • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                    Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
                                                    Subcontrol: 3.4
                                                    Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools
                                                    Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
                                                  • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                    Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
                                                    Subcontrol: 3.5
                                                    Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools
                                                    Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.

                                                  Back to Summary
                                                  Manual

                                                  1.2.2 Ensure GPG keys are configured

                                                  Description:

                                                  Most packages managers implement GPG key signing to verify package integrity during installation.

                                                  It is important to ensure that updates are obtained from a valid source to protect against spoofing that could lead to the inadvertent installation of malware on the system.

                                                  Update your package manager GPG keys in accordance with site policy.



                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                  References:

                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
                                                      Subcontrol: 3.4
                                                      Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools
                                                      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
                                                    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
                                                      Subcontrol: 3.5
                                                      Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools
                                                      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.

                                                    Back to Summary

                                                    1.3 Filesystem Integrity Checking

                                                    AIDE is a file integrity checking tool, similar in nature to Tripwire. While it cannot prevent intrusions, it can detect unauthorized changes to configuration files by alerting when the files are changed. When setting up AIDE, decide internally what the site policy will be concerning integrity checking. Review the AIDE quick start guide and AIDE documentation before proceeding.

                                                    Pass

                                                    1.3.1 Ensure AIDE is installed

                                                    Description:

                                                    AIDE takes a snapshot of filesystem state including modification times, permissions, and file hashes which can then be used to compare against the current state of the filesystem to detect modifications to the system.

                                                    By monitoring the filesystem state compromised files can be detected to prevent or limit the exposure of accidental or malicious misconfigurations or modified binaries.

                                                    Install AIDE using the appropriate package manager or manual installation:

                                                    # apt install aide aide-common

                                                    Configure AIDE as appropriate for your environment. Consult the AIDE documentation for options.

                                                    Run the following commands to initialize AIDE:

                                                    # aideinit

                                                    # mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db

                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                    Complex Check
                                                    AND
                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'aide' is installed
                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                    Item Check: All
                                                    Result: Pass
                                                    Dpkginfo Item
                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                    Name String Exists aide
                                                    Arch String Exists amd64
                                                    Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                    Release String Exists 1ubuntu0.1
                                                    Version String Exists 0.16.1
                                                    Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.16.1-1ubuntu0.1
                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'aide-common' is installed
                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                    Item Check: All
                                                    Result: Pass
                                                    Dpkginfo Item
                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                    Name String Exists aide-common
                                                    Arch String Exists all
                                                    Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                    Release String Exists 1ubuntu0.1
                                                    Version String Exists 0.16.1
                                                    Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.16.1-1ubuntu0.1


                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455965"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455965">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455965"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'aide' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>aide</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1ubuntu0.1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0.16.1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:0.16.1-1ubuntu0.1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455967"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455967">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455967"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'aide-common' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>aide-common</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1ubuntu0.1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0.16.1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:0.16.1-1ubuntu0.1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                    References:

                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                      • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                                                        Subcontrol: 14.9
                                                        Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data
                                                        Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).

                                                      Back to Summary
                                                      Pass

                                                      1.3.2 Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked

                                                      Description:

                                                      Periodic checking of the filesystem integrity is needed to detect changes to the filesystem.

                                                      Periodic file checking allows the system administrator to determine on a regular basis if critical files have been changed in an unauthorized fashion.

                                                      If cron will be used to schedule and run aide check:

                                                      Run the following command:

                                                      # crontab -u root -e

                                                      Add the following line to the crontab:

                                                      0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check

                                                      OR If aidecheck.service and aidecheck.timer will be used to schedule and run aide check:

                                                      Create or edit the file /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.service and add the following lines:

                                                      [Unit]

                                                      Description=Aide Check



                                                      [Service]

                                                      Type=simple

                                                      ExecStart=/usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check



                                                      [Install]

                                                      WantedBy=multi-user.target

                                                      Create or edit the file /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.timer and add the following lines:

                                                      [Unit]

                                                      Description=Aide check every day at 5AM



                                                      [Timer]

                                                      OnCalendar=*-*-* 05:00:00

                                                      Unit=aidecheck.service



                                                      [Install]

                                                      WantedBy=multi-user.target

                                                      Run the following commands:

                                                      # chown root:root /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*

                                                      # chmod 0644 /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*



                                                      # systemctl daemon-reload



                                                      # systemctl enable aidecheck.service

                                                      # systemctl --now enable aidecheck.timer

                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      OR
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /var/spool/cron/ exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Pass
                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                      Filepath String Exists /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
                                                      Path String Exists /var/spool/cron/crontabs
                                                      Filename String Exists root
                                                      Pattern String Exists ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                      Line String Exists 0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check
                                                      Text String Exists 0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check
                                                      Subexpression String Exists *
                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.d exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.hourly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.weekly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.monthly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*aide.wrapper\s+\$AIDEARGS\s+\"--\$COMMAND\"\s*.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Pass
                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                      Filepath String Exists /etc/cron.daily/aide
                                                      Path String Exists /etc/cron.daily
                                                      Filename String Exists aide
                                                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*aide.wrapper\s+\$AIDEARGS\s+\"--\$COMMAND\"\s*.*$
                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                      Line String Exists aide.wrapper $AIDEARGS "--$COMMAND" >|"$ARUNLOG" 2>|"$AERRLOG" && ARETVAL="$?"
                                                      Text String Exists aide.wrapper $AIDEARGS "--$COMMAND" >|"$ARUNLOG" 2>|"$AERRLOG" && ARETVAL="$?"
                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      AND
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      AND
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      AND
                                                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                      Unit String Exists aidecheck.service
                                                      Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                      Value String Exists No Value
                                                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                      Unit String Exists aidecheck.timer
                                                      Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                      Value String Exists No Value
                                                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'Unit' property equals 'aidecheck.service'
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                      Unit String Exists aidecheck.timer
                                                      Property String Exists Unit
                                                      Value String Exists No Value
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /etc/systemd/system/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*ExecStart=([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Fail
                                                      No matching system items were found.


                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.969Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                     <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                        <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                           <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                        negate="false"
                                        multi-check="false">
                              <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                       name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529478"/>
                              <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                 <div class="definition"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529478">
                                    <div class="criteria">
                                       <div class="criterion"
                                            id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529478"
                                            check="all"
                                            check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                          <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                   <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /var/spool/cron/ exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                   <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                   <td>All</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                   <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                          <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                             <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                                             <thead>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                                   <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                                   <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                                   <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                                </tr>
                                             </thead>
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Filepath</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Path</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>/var/spool/cron/crontabs</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Filename</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>root</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Pattern</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Instance</td>
                                                   <td>Int</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>1</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Line</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check </td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Text</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check </td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Subexpression</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Exists</td>
                                                   <td>* </td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Subexpression</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Does not exist</td>
                                                   <td>No Value</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td>Windows View</td>
                                                   <td>String</td>
                                                   <td>Not collected</td>
                                                   <td>No Value</td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                       </div>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </evidence>
                           </xccdf:check>
                           <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                        negate="false"
                                        multi-check="false">
                              <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                       name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529479"/>
                              <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                 <div class="definition"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529479">
                                    <div class="criteria">
                                       <div class="criterion"
                                            id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529479"
                                            check="all"
                                            check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                          <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                   <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                   <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                   <td>All</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                   <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                          <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </table>
                                       </div>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </evidence>
                           </xccdf:check>
                        </xccdf:complex-check>
                        <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                     negate="false"
                                     multi-check="false">
                           <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                    name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529480"/>
                           <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                              <div class="definition"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529480">
                                 <div class="criteria">
                                    <div class="criterion"
                                         id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529480"
                                         check="all"
                                         check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                       <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.d exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                <td>All</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                       <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </table>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </evidence>
                        </xccdf:check>
                     </xccdf:complex-check>
                     <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                 name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529481"/>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="definition"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529481">
                              <div class="criteria">
                                 <div class="criterion"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529481"
                                      check="all"
                                      check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                    <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                             <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.hourly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                             <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                             <td>All</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                             <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </table>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                  </xccdf:complex-check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529482"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529482">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529482"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529483"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529483">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529483"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.weekly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529484"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529484">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529484"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.monthly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529489"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529489">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529489"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*aide.wrapper\s+\$AIDEARGS\s+\"--\$COMMAND\"\s*.*$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/cron.daily/aide</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/cron.daily</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>aide</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*aide.wrapper\s+\$AIDEARGS\s+\"--\$COMMAND\"\s*.*$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>
aide.wrapper $AIDEARGS "--$COMMAND" &gt;|"$ARUNLOG" 2&gt;|"$AERRLOG" &amp;&amp; ARETVAL="$?"</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>
aide.wrapper $AIDEARGS "--$COMMAND" &gt;|"$ARUNLOG" 2&gt;|"$AERRLOG" &amp;&amp; ARETVAL="$?"</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1529485"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529485_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529485"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529485">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529485"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Unit</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>aidecheck.service</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Property</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>UnitFileState</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr class="evaluated">
                                       <td>Value</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1529486"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529486_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529486"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529486">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529486"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Unit</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>aidecheck.timer</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Property</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>UnitFileState</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr class="evaluated">
                                       <td>Value</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1529487"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529487_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529487"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529487">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529487"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'Unit' property equals 'aidecheck.service'</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Unit</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>aidecheck.timer</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Property</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>Unit</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Value</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529488"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529488">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529488"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /etc/systemd/system/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*ExecStart=([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                      References:

                                                      • URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service
                                                      • URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer

                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                      • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                                                        Subcontrol: 14.9
                                                        Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data
                                                        Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).

                                                      Back to Summary

                                                      1.4 Secure Boot Settings

                                                      The recommendations in this section focus on securing the bootloader and settings involved in the boot process directly.

                                                      Pass

                                                      1.4.1 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are not overridden

                                                      Description:

                                                      The permissions on /boot/grub/grub.cfg are changed to 444 when gub.cfg is updated by the update-grub command

                                                      Setting the permissions to read and write for root only prevents non-root users from seeing the boot parameters or changing them. Non-root users who read the boot parameters may be able to identify weaknesses in security upon boot and be able to exploit them.

                                                      Run the following command to update chmod 444 to chmod 400 in /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig :

                                                      # sed -ri 's/chmod\s+[0-7][0-7][0-7]\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new/chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new/' /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig

                                                      Run the following command to remove check on password not being set to before running chmod command:

                                                      # sed -ri 's/ && ! grep "\^password" \$\{grub_cfg\}.new >\/dev\/null//' /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig

                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                      Complex Check
                                                      AND
                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig exists and matches pattern ^\s*chmod\s+400\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new\b
                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Pass
                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                      Filepath String Exists /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig
                                                      Path String Exists /usr/sbin
                                                      Filename String Exists grub-mkconfig
                                                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*chmod\s+400\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new\b
                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                      Line String Exists chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new
                                                      Text String Exists chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new
                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig exists and matches pattern ^\s*if\s+\[ "x\$\{grub_cfg\}" != "x" \]&! grep "\^password" \$\{grub_cfg\}\.new >\/dev\/null
                                                      Existence Check: None Exist
                                                      Item Check: All
                                                      Result: Pass
                                                      No matching system items were found.


                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481316"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481316">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1481316"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig exists and matches pattern ^\s*chmod\s+400\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/usr/sbin</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub-mkconfig</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\s*chmod\s+400\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>  chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>  chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481317"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481317">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1481317"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig exists and matches pattern ^\s*if\s+\[ "x\$\{grub_cfg\}" != "x" \]&amp;! grep "\^password" \$\{grub_cfg\}\.new &gt;\/dev\/null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                      References:

                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                                                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                                                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                                                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

                                                        Back to Summary
                                                        Pass

                                                        1.4.2 Ensure bootloader password is set

                                                        Description:

                                                        Setting the boot loader password will require that anyone rebooting the system must enter a password before being able to set command line boot parameters

                                                        Requiring a boot password upon execution of the boot loader will prevent an unauthorized user from entering boot parameters or changing the boot partition. This prevents users from weakening security (e.g. turning off AppArmor at boot time).

                                                        Create an encrypted password with grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 :

                                                        # grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2



                                                        Enter password: <password>

                                                        Reenter password: <password>

                                                        PBKDF2 hash of your password is <encrypted-password>

                                                        Add the following into a custom /etc/grub.d configuration file:

                                                        cat <<EOF

                                                        set superusers="<username>"

                                                        password_pbkdf2 <username> <encrypted-password>

                                                        EOF

                                                        The superuser/user information and password should not be contained in the /etc/grub.d/00_header file as this file could be overwritten in a package update.

                                                        If there is a requirement to be able to boot/reboot without entering the password, edit /etc/grub.d/10_linux and add --unrestricted to the line CLASS=

                                                        Example:

                                                        CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted"

                                                        Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:

                                                        # update-grub

                                                        Impact:

                                                        If password protection is enabled, only the designated superuser can edit a Grub 2 menu item by pressing "e" or access the GRUB 2 command line by pressing "c"

                                                        If GRUB 2 is set up to boot automatically to a password-protected menu entry the user has no option to back out of the password prompt to select another menu entry. Holding the SHIFT key will not display the menu in this case. The user must enter the correct username and password. If unable, the configuration files will have to be edited via the LiveCD or other means to fix the problem

                                                        You can add --unrestricted to the menu entries to allow the system to boot without entering a password. Password will still be required to edit menu items.

                                                        More Information: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Passwords

                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                        Complex Check
                                                        AND
                                                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*set\s+superusers\s*=\s*"[^"]*"\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                        Item Check: All
                                                        Result: Pass
                                                        Textfilecontent Item
                                                        Name Type Status Value
                                                        Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
                                                        Path String Exists /boot/grub
                                                        Filename String Exists grub.cfg
                                                        Pattern String Exists ^\s*set\s+superusers\s*=\s*"[^"]*"\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                        Instance Int Exists 1
                                                        Line String Exists set superusers="root"
                                                        Text String Exists set superusers="root"
                                                        Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                        Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*password_pbkdf2\s+\S+\s+\S+\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                        Item Check: All
                                                        Result: Pass
                                                        Textfilecontent Item
                                                        Name Type Status Value
                                                        Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
                                                        Path String Exists /boot/grub
                                                        Filename String Exists grub.cfg
                                                        Pattern String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                                                        Instance Int Exists 1
                                                        Line String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                                                        Text String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                                                        Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                        Windows View String Not collected No Value


                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456006"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456006">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456006"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*set\s+superusers\s*=\s*"[^"]*"\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\s*set\s+superusers\s*=\s*"[^"]*"\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>
set superusers="root"
</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>
set superusers="root"
</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456009"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456009">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456009"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*password_pbkdf2\s+\S+\s+\S+\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                        References:

                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                          • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                            Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                            Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                            Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                            Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                          Back to Summary
                                                          Pass

                                                          1.4.3 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are configured

                                                          Description:

                                                          The grub configuration file contains information on boot settings and passwords for unlocking boot options.

                                                          Setting the permissions to read and write for root only prevents non-root users from seeing the boot parameters or changing them. Non-root users who read the boot parameters may be able to identify weaknesses in security upon boot and be able to exploit them.

                                                          Run the following commands to set permissions on your grub configuration:

                                                          # chown root:root /boot/grub/grub.cfg

                                                          # chmod u-wx,go-rwx /boot/grub/grub.cfg

                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                          Complex Check
                                                          AND
                                                          Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions -wxrwxrwx
                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                          Item Check: All
                                                          Result: Pass
                                                          File Item
                                                          Name Type Status Value
                                                          Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
                                                          Path String Exists /boot/grub
                                                          Filename String Exists grub.cfg
                                                          Type String Exists regular
                                                          Group Id Int Exists 0
                                                          User Id Int Exists 0
                                                          A Time Int Exists 1649859803
                                                          C Time Int Exists 1649857044
                                                          M Time Int Exists 1649857044
                                                          Size Int Exists 7223
                                                          Suid Int Exists false
                                                          Sgid Boolean Exists false
                                                          Sticky Boolean Exists false
                                                          Uread Boolean Exists true
                                                          Uwrite Boolean Exists false
                                                          Uexec Boolean Exists false
                                                          Gread Boolean Exists false
                                                          Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                                                          Gexec Boolean Exists false
                                                          Oread Boolean Exists false
                                                          Owrite Boolean Exists false
                                                          Oexec Boolean Exists false
                                                          Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456013"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456013">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456013"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions -wxrwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1649859803</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1649857044</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1649857044</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>7223</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                          References:

                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                            • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                              Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                              Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                              Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                              Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                            Back to Summary
                                                            Pass

                                                            1.4.4 Ensure authentication required for single user mode

                                                            Description:

                                                            Single user mode is used for recovery when the system detects an issue during boot or by manual selection from the bootloader.

                                                            Requiring authentication in single user mode prevents an unauthorized user from rebooting the system into single user to gain root privileges without credentials.

                                                            Run the following command and follow the prompts to set a password for the root user:

                                                            # passwd root

                                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                                            Complex Check
                                                            AND
                                                            Criterion: Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\$[0-9] (string)
                                                            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                            Item Check: All
                                                            Result: Pass
                                                            Shadow Item
                                                            Name Type Status Value
                                                            Username String Exists root
                                                            Password String Exists $6$SjDJJVWVN4TH8D2F$dMquXFMh4XeBmFd1LCEwHbD6J2nDTqJht9t6HYawaTRTDqmHOQvMUFhlLE.3tYfZi5j9D21JPorCesB2EzPEM/
                                                            Chg Lst Int Exists 19095
                                                            Chg Allow Int Exists 1
                                                            Chg Req Int Exists 365
                                                            Exp Warn Int Exists 7
                                                            Exp Inact Int Exists 30
                                                            Exp Date Int Does not exist No Value
                                                            Flag String Exists No Value
                                                            Encrypt Method String Exists SHA-512


                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1470786"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1470786_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470786"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470786">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470786"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\$[0-9] (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shadow Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Username</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>root</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Password</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$6$SjDJJVWVN4TH8D2F$dMquXFMh4XeBmFd1LCEwHbD6J2nDTqJht9t6HYawaTRTDqmHOQvMUFhlLE.3tYfZi5j9D21JPorCesB2EzPEM/</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Lst</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>19095</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Allow</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Req</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>365</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Warn</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>7</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Inact</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>30</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Date</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Flag</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Encrypt Method</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>SHA-512</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                            References:

                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                              • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                              Back to Summary

                                                              1.5 Additional Process Hardening

                                                              Manual

                                                              1.5.1 Ensure XD/NX support is enabled

                                                              Description:

                                                              Recent processors in the x86 family support the ability to prevent code execution on a per memory page basis. Generically and on AMD processors, this ability is called No Execute (NX), while on Intel processors it is called Execute Disable (XD). This ability can help prevent exploitation of buffer overflow vulnerabilities and should be activated whenever possible. Extra steps must be taken to ensure that this protection is enabled, particularly on 32-bit x86 systems. Other processors, such as Itanium and POWER, have included such support since inception and the standard kernel for those platforms supports the feature.

                                                              Note: Ensure your system supports the XD or NX bit and has PAE support before implementing this recommendation as this may prevent it from booting if these are not supported by your hardware

                                                              Enabling any feature that can protect against buffer overflow attacks enhances the security of the system.

                                                              On 32 bit systems install a kernel with PAE support, no installation is required on 64 bit systems:

                                                              If necessary configure your bootloader to load the new kernel and reboot the system.

                                                              You may need to enable NX or XD support in your bios.

                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                              Complex Check
                                                              OR
                                                              Script: sce/xdnd_chk.sh
                                                              Result: Pass
                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                              Output:
                                                              • XD/ND support enabled
                                                              No error lines were collected.
                                                              Script: sce/arch64_chk.sh
                                                              Result: Pass
                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                              No output lines were collected.
                                                              No error lines were collected.


                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/xdnd_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/xdnd_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/xdnd_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>XD/ND support enabled</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/xdnd_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>XD/ND support enabled</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/arch64_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out/>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/arch64_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                              References:

                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                  Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                                                                  Subcontrol: 8.3
                                                                  Label: Enable Operating System Anti-Exploitation Features/ Deploy Anti-Exploit Technologies
                                                                  Description: Enable anti-exploitation features such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP) or Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) that are available in an operating system or deploy appropriate toolkits that can be configured to apply protection to a broader set of applications and executables.

                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                Pass

                                                                1.5.2 Ensure address space layout randomization (ASLR) is enabled

                                                                Description:

                                                                Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is an exploit mitigation technique which randomly arranges the address space of key data areas of a process.

                                                                Randomly placing virtual memory regions will make it difficult to write memory page exploits as the memory placement will be consistently shifting.

                                                                Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file ending in .conf :

                                                                kernel.randomize_va_space = 2

                                                                Run the following script to comment out entries that override the default setting of kernel.randomize_va_space:

                                                                #!/usr/bin/bash



                                                                for file in /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf; do

                                                                if [ -f "$file" ]; then

                                                                grep -Esq "^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)" "$file" && sed -ri 's/^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)/# &/gi' "$file"

                                                                fi

                                                                done

                                                                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:

                                                                # sysctl -w kernel.randomize_va_space=2

                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                Complex Check
                                                                AND
                                                                Complex Check
                                                                AND
                                                                Complex Check
                                                                AND
                                                                Complex Check
                                                                AND
                                                                Complex Check
                                                                AND
                                                                Script: sce/sysctl_running_config.sh
                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                Exit Value: 101
                                                                Output:
                                                                • sysctl parameter is: kernel.randomize_va_space = 2
                                                                No error lines were collected.
                                                                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b
                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b
                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b
                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b
                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b
                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                No matching system items were found.


                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man5/sysctl.d.5.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                         value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1507296_var"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content>
                        <command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                                        xccdf="pass"
                                        script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                                        exit-value="101">
                           <out>
                              <l>sysctl parameter is: kernel.randomize_va_space = 2</l>
                           </out>
                           <err/>
                           <env/>
                        </command_result>
                     </xccdf:check-content>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="sce">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                    <td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                    <td>101</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul class="unstyled">
                                          <li>sysctl parameter is: kernel.randomize_va_space = 2</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507297"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507297">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507297"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="none_exist">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>None Exist</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507298"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507298">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507298"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="none_exist">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>None Exist</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507299"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507299">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507299"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507300"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507300">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507300"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507301"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507301">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507301"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                References:

                                                                • URL: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man5/sysctl.d.5.html

                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                  Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                                                                  Subcontrol: 8.3
                                                                  Label: Enable Operating System Anti-Exploitation Features/ Deploy Anti-Exploit Technologies
                                                                  Description: Enable anti-exploitation features such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP) or Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) that are available in an operating system or deploy appropriate toolkits that can be configured to apply protection to a broader set of applications and executables.

                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                Pass

                                                                1.5.3 Ensure prelink is not installed

                                                                Description:

                                                                prelink is a program that modifies ELF shared libraries and ELF dynamically linked binaries in such a way that the time needed for the dynamic linker to perform relocations at startup significantly decreases.

                                                                The prelinking feature can interfere with the operation of AIDE, because it changes binaries. Prelinking can also increase the vulnerability of the system if a malicious user is able to compromise a common library such as libc.

                                                                Run the following command to restore binaries to normal:

                                                                # prelink -ua

                                                                Uninstall prelink using the appropriate package manager or manual installation:

                                                                # apt purge prelink

                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                Complex Check
                                                                AND
                                                                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'prelink' is not installed
                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                No matching system items were found.


                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.971Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519000"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519000">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519000"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'prelink' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                References:

                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                  • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                                                                    Subcontrol: 14.9
                                                                    Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data
                                                                    Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).

                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                  Pass

                                                                  1.5.4 Ensure core dumps are restricted

                                                                  Description:

                                                                  A core dump is the memory of an executable program. It is generally used to determine why a program aborted. It can also be used to glean confidential information from a core file. The system provides the ability to set a soft limit for core dumps, but this can be overridden by the user.

                                                                  Setting a hard limit on core dumps prevents users from overriding the soft variable. If core dumps are required, consider setting limits for user groups (see limits.conf(5) ). In addition, setting the fs.suid_dumpable variable to 0 will prevent setuid programs from dumping core.

                                                                  Add the following line to /etc/security/limits.conf or a /etc/security/limits.d/* file:

                                                                  * hard core 0

                                                                  Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                  fs.suid_dumpable = 0

                                                                  Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:

                                                                  # sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=0

                                                                  IF systemd-coredump is installed:

                                                                  edit /etc/systemd/coredump.conf and add/modify the following lines:

                                                                  Storage=none

                                                                  ProcessSizeMax=0

                                                                  Run the command:

                                                                  systemctl daemon-reload

                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                  AND
                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                  AND
                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                  OR
                                                                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/limits.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                  Textfilecontent Item
                                                                  Name Type Status Value
                                                                  Filepath String Exists /etc/security/limits.conf
                                                                  Path String Exists /etc/security
                                                                  Filename String Exists limits.conf
                                                                  Pattern String Exists ^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                  Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                  Line String Exists * hard core 0
                                                                  Text String Exists * hard core 0
                                                                  Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                  Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/security/limits.d exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                  Script: sce/sysctl_running_config.sh
                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                  Exit Value: 101
                                                                  Output:
                                                                  • sysctl parameter is: fs.suid_dumpable = 0
                                                                  No error lines were collected.
                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                  OR
                                                                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                  Textfilecontent Item
                                                                  Name Type Status Value
                                                                  Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                  Path String Exists /etc
                                                                  Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                  Pattern String Exists ^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                  Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                  Line String Exists fs.suid_dumpable = 0
                                                                  Text String Exists fs.suid_dumpable = 0
                                                                  Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                  Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sysctl.d exists and matches pattern ^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                  No matching system items were found.


                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.971Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474535"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474535">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474535"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/limits.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/security/limits.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/security</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>limits.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>* hard core 0 

</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>* hard core 0 

</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Does not exist</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474536"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474536">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474536"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/security/limits.d exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1474537_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l>sysctl parameter is: fs.suid_dumpable = 0</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>sysctl parameter is: fs.suid_dumpable = 0</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474538"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474538">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474538"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>fs.suid_dumpable = 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>fs.suid_dumpable = 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474539"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474539">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474539"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sysctl.d exists and matches pattern ^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                  References:

                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                    • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                      Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                      Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                      Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                      Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                    Back to Summary

                                                                    1.6 Mandatory Access Control

                                                                    Mandatory Access Control (MAC) provides an additional layer of access restrictions to processes on top of the base Discretionary Access Controls. By restricting how processes can access files and resources on a system the potential impact from vulnerabilities in the processes can be reduced.

                                                                    Impact: Mandatory Access Control limits the capabilities of applications and daemons on a system, while this can prevent unauthorized access the configuration of MAC can be complex and difficult to implement correctly preventing legitimate access from occurring.

                                                                    Notes:

                                                                    • Apparmor is the default MAC provided with Debian systems.
                                                                    • Additional Mandatory Access Control systems to include SELinux exist. If a different Mandatory Access Control systems is used, please follow it's vendors guidance for proper implementation in place of the guidance provided in this section

                                                                    1.6.1 Configure AppArmor

                                                                    AppArmor provides a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) system that greatly augments the default Discretionary Access Control (DAC) model. Under AppArmor MAC rules are applied by file paths instead of by security contexts as in other MAC systems. As such it does not require support in the filesystem and can be applied to network mounted filesystems for example. AppArmor security policies define what system resources applications can access and what privileges they can do so with. This automatically limits the damage that the software can do to files accessible by the calling user. The user does not need to take any action to gain this benefit. For an action to occur, both the traditional DAC permissions must be satisfied as well as the AppArmor MAC rules. The action will not be allowed if either one of these models does not permit the action. In this way, AppArmor rules can only make a system's permissions more restrictive and secure.

                                                                    References:

                                                                    1. AppArmor Documentation: http://wiki.apparmor.net/index.php/Documentation
                                                                    2. Ubuntu AppArmor Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AppArmor
                                                                    3. SUSE AppArmor Documentation: https://www.suse.com/documentation/apparmor/
                                                                    Pass

                                                                    1.6.1.1 Ensure AppArmor is installed

                                                                    Description:

                                                                    AppArmor provides Mandatory Access Controls.

                                                                    Without a Mandatory Access Control system installed only the default Discretionary Access Control system will be available.

                                                                    Install AppArmor.

                                                                    # apt install apparmor

                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                    AND
                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'apparmor' is installed
                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                    Dpkginfo Item
                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                    Name String Exists apparmor
                                                                    Arch String Exists amd64
                                                                    Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                                    Release String Exists 7ubuntu5.1
                                                                    Version String Exists 2.13.3
                                                                    Evr Evr String Exists 0:2.13.3-7ubuntu5.1


                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.971Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456056"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456056">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456056"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'apparmor' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>apparmor</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>7ubuntu5.1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>2.13.3</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:2.13.3-7ubuntu5.1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                    References:

                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                      • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                                                                        Subcontrol: 14.6
                                                                        Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                                                                        Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                      Pass

                                                                      1.6.1.2 Ensure AppArmor is enabled in the bootloader configuration

                                                                      Description:

                                                                      Configure AppArmor to be enabled at boot time and verify that it has not been overwritten by the bootloader boot parameters.

                                                                      Note: This recommendation is designed around the grub bootloader, if LILO or another bootloader is in use in your environment enact equivalent settings.

                                                                      AppArmor must be enabled at boot time in your bootloader configuration to ensure that the controls it provides are not overridden.

                                                                      Edit /etc/default/grub and add the apparmor=1 and security=apparmor parameters to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX= line

                                                                      GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="apparmor=1 security=apparmor"

                                                                      Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:

                                                                      # update-grub

                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                      AND
                                                                      Criterion: Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match apparmor=1 (string)
                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                      Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
                                                                      Path String Exists /boot/grub
                                                                      Filename String Exists grub.cfg
                                                                      Pattern String Exists ^[^#]\s*linux.*$
                                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                      Line String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor
                                                                      Text String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor
                                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                      Criterion: Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match security=apparmor (string)
                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                      Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
                                                                      Path String Exists /boot/grub
                                                                      Filename String Exists grub.cfg
                                                                      Pattern String Exists ^[^#]\s*linux.*$
                                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                      Line String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor
                                                                      Text String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor
                                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value


                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456061"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560611_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14560612"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560612_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456061"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456061">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456061"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match apparmor=1 (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro  net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro  net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456064"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560641_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14560642"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560642_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456064"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456064">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456064"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match security=apparmor (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro  net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic root=UUID=89cd8cb5-30ee-4ae8-9dff-7757266aa8d9 ro  net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0 apparmor=1 security=apparmor</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                      References:

                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                                                                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                                                                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                                                                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                        Pass

                                                                        1.6.1.3 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are in enforce or complain mode

                                                                        Description:

                                                                        AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access.

                                                                        Security configuration requirements vary from site to site. Some sites may mandate a policy that is stricter than the default policy, which is perfectly acceptable. This item is intended to ensure that any policies that exist on the system are activated.

                                                                        Run the following command to set all profiles to enforce mode:

                                                                        # aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/*

                                                                        OR

                                                                        Run the following command to set all profiles to complain mode:

                                                                        # aa-complain /etc/apparmor.d/*

                                                                        Note: Any unconfined processes may need to have a profile created or activated for them and then be restarted

                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                        AND
                                                                        Script: sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh
                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                        Exit Value: 101
                                                                        Output:
                                                                        • PASSED! All AppArmor Profiles are in correct mode
                                                                        No error lines were collected.


                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1490578_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED! All AppArmor Profiles are in correct mode</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED! All AppArmor Profiles are in correct mode</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                        References:

                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                          • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                            Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                                                                            Subcontrol: 14.6
                                                                            Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                                                                            Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

                                                                          Back to Summary

                                                                          1.7 Command Line Warning Banners

                                                                          Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist in the prosecution of trespassers on the computer system. Changing some of these login banners also has the side effect of hiding OS version information and other detailed system information from attackers attempting to target specific exploits at a system. The /etc/motd , /etc/issue , and /etc/issue.net files govern warning banners for standard command line logins for both local and remote users.

                                                                          Guidelines published by the US Department of Defense require that warning messages include at least the name of the organization that owns the system, the fact that the system is subject to monitoring and that such monitoring is in compliance with local statutes, and that use of the system implies consent to such monitoring. It is important that the organization's legal counsel review the content of all messages before any system modifications are made, as these warning messages are inherently site-specific. More information (including citations of relevant case law) can be found at http://www.justice.gov/criminal/cybercrime/

                                                                          Note: The text provided in the remediation actions for these items is intended as an example only. Please edit to include the specific text for your organization as approved by your legal department

                                                                          Pass

                                                                          1.7.1 Ensure message of the day is configured properly

                                                                          Description:

                                                                          The contents of the /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users.

                                                                          Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version

                                                                          Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.

                                                                          Edit the /etc/motd file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform

                                                                          OR if the motd is not used, this file can be removed.

                                                                          Run the following command to remove the motd file:

                                                                          # rm /etc/motd

                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                          AND
                                                                          Script: sce/wbmotd.sh
                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                          Exit Value: 101
                                                                          Output:
                                                                          • Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed
                                                                          No error lines were collected.


                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbmotd.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/wbmotd.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/wbmotd.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/wbmotd.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                          References:

                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                            • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                              Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                              Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                              Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                              Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                            Pass

                                                                            1.7.2 Ensure local login warning banner is configured properly

                                                                            Description:

                                                                            The contents of the /etc/issue file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.

                                                                            Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version - or the operating system's name

                                                                            Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.

                                                                            Edit the /etc/issue file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform

                                                                            # echo "Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue

                                                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                            Complex Check
                                                                            AND
                                                                            Script: sce/wbissue.sh
                                                                            Result: Pass
                                                                            Exit Value: 101
                                                                            Output:
                                                                            • Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed
                                                                            No error lines were collected.


                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/wbissue.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/wbissue.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/wbissue.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                            References:

                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                              • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                              Pass

                                                                              1.7.3 Ensure remote login warning banner is configured properly

                                                                              Description:

                                                                              The contents of the /etc/issue.net file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured services.

                                                                              Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version

                                                                              Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.

                                                                              Edit the /etc/issue.net file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform

                                                                              # echo "Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue.net

                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                              AND
                                                                              Script: sce/wbissue.net.sh
                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                                              Output:
                                                                              • Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed
                                                                              No error lines were collected.


                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/wbissue.net.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/wbissue.net.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                              References:

                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                  Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                  Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                  Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                  Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                Pass

                                                                                1.7.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/motd are configured

                                                                                Description:

                                                                                The contents of the /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users.

                                                                                If the /etc/motd file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.

                                                                                Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/motd :

                                                                                # chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/motd)

                                                                                # chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/motd)

                                                                                OR run the following command to remove the /etc/motd file:

                                                                                # rm /etc/motd

                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                OR
                                                                                Script: sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh
                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                Exit Value: 102
                                                                                Output:
                                                                                • FAILED!
                                                                                No error lines were collected.
                                                                                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/motd exists and unknown test
                                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                No matching system items were found.


                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529440_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED!</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED!</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529441"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529441">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529441"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/motd exists and unknown test</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                References:

                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                  • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                    Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                    Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                    Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                    Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                  1.7.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue are configured

                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                  The contents of the /etc/issue file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.

                                                                                  If the /etc/issue file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.

                                                                                  Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/issue :

                                                                                  # chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue)

                                                                                  # chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue)

                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                  AND
                                                                                  Script: sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh
                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                  Exit Value: 101
                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                  • PASSED!
                                                                                  No error lines were collected.


                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1524859_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED!</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED!</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                  References:

                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                    • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                      Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                      Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                      Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                      Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                    Back to Summary
                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                    1.7.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue.net are configured

                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                    The contents of the /etc/issue.net file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured services.

                                                                                    If the /etc/issue.net file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.

                                                                                    Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/issue.net :

                                                                                    # chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)

                                                                                    # chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)

                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                    AND
                                                                                    Script: sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh
                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                    Exit Value: 101
                                                                                    Output:
                                                                                    • PASSED!
                                                                                    No error lines were collected.


                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1524860_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED!</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED!</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                    References:

                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                        Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                      Back to Summary

                                                                                      1.8 GNOME Display Manager

                                                                                      The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program that manages graphical display servers and handles graphical user logins.

                                                                                      Note: If GDM is not installed on the system, this section can be skipped

                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                      1.8.2 Ensure GDM login banner is configured

                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                      GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.

                                                                                      Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place.

                                                                                      Edit or create the file /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults and add the following:

                                                                                      [org/gnome/login-screen]

                                                                                      banner-message-enable=true

                                                                                      banner-message-text='<banner message>'

                                                                                      disable-user-list=true

                                                                                      Example banner message: 'Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported.'

                                                                                      Run the following command to re-load GDM on the next login or reboot:

                                                                                      # dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                      OR
                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                      AND
                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                      AND
                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]\b
                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*banner-message-enable\s*=\s*true\b
                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*banner-message-text\s*=\s*('|").+('|")\b
                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
                                                                                      Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                      No matching system items were found.


                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.973Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456134"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456134">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456134"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456137"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456137">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456137"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*banner-message-enable\s*=\s*true\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456142"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456142">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456142"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*banner-message-text\s*=\s*('|").+('|")\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456145"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456145">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456145"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                      References:

                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                          Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                          Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                          Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                        1.8.3 Ensure disable-user-list is enabled

                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                        GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.

                                                                                        The disable-user-list option controls is a list of users is displayed on the login screen

                                                                                        Displaying the user list eliminates half of the Userid/Password equation that an unauthorized person would need to log on.

                                                                                        Edit or create the file /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults and edit or add the following:

                                                                                        [org/gnome/login-screen]

                                                                                        banner-message-enable=true

                                                                                        banner-message-text='<banner message>'

                                                                                        disable-user-list=true

                                                                                        Run the following command to re-load GDM on the next login or reboot:

                                                                                        # dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                        OR
                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*disable-user-list\s*=\s*true\b
                                                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                        No matching system items were found.
                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
                                                                                        Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                        No matching system items were found.


                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.973Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456151"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456151">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456151"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*disable-user-list\s*=\s*true\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456156"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456156">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456156"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                        References:

                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                          • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                            Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                            Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                            Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                            Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                          1.8.4 Ensure XDCMP is not enabled

                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                          X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) is designed to provide authenticated access to display management services for remote displays

                                                                                          XDMCP is inherently insecure.

                                                                                          • XDMCP is not a ciphered protocol. This may allow an attacker to capture keystrokes entered by a user
                                                                                          • XDMCP is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. This may allow an attacker to steal the credentials of legitimate users by impersonating the XDMCP server.

                                                                                          Edit the file /etc/gdm3/custom.conf and remove the line:

                                                                                          Enable=true

                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                          AND
                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/gdm3/custom.conf exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Enable\s*=\s*true\b
                                                                                          Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                          No matching system items were found.


                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.973Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456163"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456163">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456163"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/gdm3/custom.conf exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Enable\s*=\s*true\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                          References:

                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                            • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                              Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                              Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                              Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                              Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                            Manual

                                                                                            1.9 Ensure updates, patches, and additional security software are installed

                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                            Periodically patches are released for included software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality.

                                                                                            Newer patches may contain security enhancements that would not be available through the latest full update. As a result, it is recommended that the latest software patches be used to take advantage of the latest functionality. As with any software installation, organizations need to determine if a given update meets their requirements and verify the compatibility and supportability of any additional software against the update revision that is selected.

                                                                                            Run the following command to update all packages following local site policy guidance on applying updates and patches:

                                                                                            # apt upgrade

                                                                                            OR

                                                                                            # apt dist-upgrade



                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.973Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                            References:

                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                              • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
                                                                                                Subcontrol: 3.4
                                                                                                Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools
                                                                                                Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
                                                                                              • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
                                                                                                Subcontrol: 3.5
                                                                                                Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools
                                                                                                Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.

                                                                                              Back to Summary

                                                                                              2 Services

                                                                                              While applying system updates and patches helps correct known vulnerabilities, one of the best ways to protect the system against as yet unreported vulnerabilities is to disable all services that are not required for normal system operation. This prevents the exploitation of vulnerabilities discovered at a later date. If a service is not enabled, it cannot be exploited. The actions in this section of the document provide guidance on some services which can be safely disabled and under which circumstances, greatly reducing the number of possible threats to the resulting system. Additionally some services which should remain enabled but with secure configuration are covered as well as insecure service clients.

                                                                                              Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of insecure services. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.

                                                                                              2.1 Special Purpose Services

                                                                                              This section describes services that are installed on systems that specifically need to run these services. If any of these services are not required, it is recommended that they be deleted from the system to reduce the potential attack surface. If a package is required as a dependency, and the service is not required, the service should be stopped and masked.

                                                                                              The following command can be used to stop and mask the service:

                                                                                              # systemctl --now mask <service_name>

                                                                                              2.1.1 Time Synchronization

                                                                                              It is recommended that physical systems and virtual guests lacking direct access to the physical host's clock be configured to synchronize their time using a service such as systemd-timesyncd, chrony, or ntp.

                                                                                              Notes:

                                                                                              • If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, this section can be skipped
                                                                                              • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
                                                                                              • Only the section related to the time synchronization method in use on the system should be followed, all other time synchronization recommendations should be skipped
                                                                                              • If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked
                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                              2.1.1.1 Ensure time synchronization is in use

                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                              System time should be synchronized between all systems in an environment. This is typically done by establishing an authoritative time server or set of servers and having all systems synchronize their clocks to them.

                                                                                              Notes:

                                                                                              • If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, this section can be skipped
                                                                                              • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
                                                                                              • If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked

                                                                                              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms like Kerberos and also ensures log files have consistent time records across the enterprise, which aids in forensic investigations.

                                                                                              On systems where host based time synchronization is not available, configure systemd-timesyncd. If "full featured" and/or encrypted time synchronization is required, install chrony or NTP.

                                                                                              To install chrony:

                                                                                              # apt install chrony

                                                                                              To install ntp:

                                                                                              # apt install ntp

                                                                                              On virtual systems where host based time synchronization is available consult your virtualization software documentation and setup host based synchronization

                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                              OR
                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                              OR
                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is installed
                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                              No matching system items were found.
                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed
                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                              No matching system items were found.
                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure standard service 'systemd-timesyncd' is enabled
                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                              Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                              Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd
                                                                                              Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                                                              Value String Exists enabled


                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.974Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455929"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455929">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455929"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455930"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455930">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455930"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455932"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455932">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455932"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure standard service 'systemd-timesyncd' is enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>systemd-timesyncd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                  Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 6.1
                                                                                                  Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                                                                                                  Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.

                                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                2.1.1.2 Ensure systemd-timesyncd is configured

                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                systemd-timesyncd is a daemon that has been added for synchronizing the system clock across the network. It implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server this only implements a client side, and does not bother with the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to it. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, and make sure that time monotonically progresses on these systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of this daemon a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" needs to be created on installation of systemd.

                                                                                                Note:

                                                                                                • If chrony or ntp are used, systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked, and this section skipped
                                                                                                • This recommendation only applies if timesyncd is in use on the system
                                                                                                • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system

                                                                                                Proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization is working properly.

                                                                                                • Remove additional time synchronization methods:

                                                                                                Run the following commands to remove ntp and chrony :

                                                                                                # apt purge ntp

                                                                                                # apt purge chrony
                                                                                                • Configure systemd-timesyncd :

                                                                                                Run the following command to enable systemd-timesyncd

                                                                                                # systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd.service

                                                                                                Edit the file /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf and add/modify the following lines:

                                                                                                NTP=0.debian.pool.ntp.org 1.debian.pool.ntp.org #Servers listed should be In Accordence With Local Policy



                                                                                                FallbackNTP=2.debian.pool.ntp.org 3.debian.pool.ntp.org #Servers listed should be In Accordence With Local Policy



                                                                                                RootDistanceMax=1 #should be In Accordence With Local Policy

                                                                                                Run the following commands to start systemd-timesyncd.service

                                                                                                # systemctl start systemd-timesyncd.service



                                                                                                # timedatectl set-ntp true

                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                OR
                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                OR
                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property UnitFileState equals 'enabled'
                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
                                                                                                Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                                                                Value String Exists enabled
                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed
                                                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed
                                                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is installed
                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed
                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.974Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1519245"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1519245_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519245"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519245">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519245"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property UnitFileState equals 'enabled'</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Unit</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Property</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>UnitFileState</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr class="evaluated">
                                       <td>Value</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>enabled</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519246"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519246">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519246"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="none_exist">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>None Exist</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519247"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519247">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519247"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519248"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519248">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519248"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519249"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519249">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519249"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                  • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                    Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 6.1
                                                                                                    Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                                                                                                    Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.

                                                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                  2.1.1.3 Ensure chrony is configured

                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                  chrony is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate. More information on chrony can be found at: http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/ . chrony can be configured to be a client and/or a server.

                                                                                                  Notes:

                                                                                                  • If ntp or systemd-timesyncd are used, chrony should be removed and this section skipped
                                                                                                  • This recommendation only applies if chrony is in use on the system
                                                                                                  • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system

                                                                                                  If chrony is in use on the system proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization is working properly.

                                                                                                  Remove and/or disable additional time synchronization methods:

                                                                                                  Run the following command to remove ntp :

                                                                                                  # apt purge ntp

                                                                                                  Run the following command to stop and mask systemd-timesyncd:

                                                                                                  # systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd

                                                                                                  Configure chrony :

                                                                                                  Add or edit server or pool lines to /etc/chrony/chrony.conf as appropriate:

                                                                                                  server <remote-server>

                                                                                                  Add or edit the user line to /etc/chrony/chrony.conf :

                                                                                                  user _chrony

                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                  OR
                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/chrony/chrony.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(server|pool)\s+\S+
                                                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                  Criterion: Linux Custom Object "chronyd is running as chrony user"
                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'
                                                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                  Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                                                                  Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                  Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
                                                                                                  Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                                                                  Value String Exists enabled
                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed
                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed
                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.974Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519250"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519250">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519250"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/chrony/chrony.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(server|pool)\s+\S+</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519251"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519251">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519251"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="none_exist">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Linux Custom Object "chronyd is running as chrony user"</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>None Exist</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1519252"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1519252_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519252"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519252">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519252"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Unit</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Property</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>UnitFileState</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Value</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>enabled</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519254"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519254">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519254"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519253"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519253">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519253"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                    • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                      Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 6.1
                                                                                                      Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                                                                                                      Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.

                                                                                                    Back to Summary
                                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                                    2.1.1.4 Ensure ntp is configured

                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                    ntp is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP). It is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate. More information on NTP can be found at http://www.ntp.org . ntp can be configured to be a client and/or a server.

                                                                                                    Notes:

                                                                                                    • If chrony or systemd-timesyncd are used, ntp should be removed and this section skipped
                                                                                                    • This recommendation only applies if ntp is in use on the system
                                                                                                    • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system

                                                                                                    If ntp is in use on the system proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization is working properly.

                                                                                                    • Remove and/or disable additional time synchronization methods:

                                                                                                    Run the following command to remove chrony :

                                                                                                    apt purge chrony

                                                                                                    Run the following command to stop and mask systemd-timesyncd :

                                                                                                    # systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd
                                                                                                    • Configure ntp :

                                                                                                    Add or edit restrict lines in /etc/ntp.conf to match the following:

                                                                                                    restrict -4 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

                                                                                                    restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

                                                                                                    Add or edit server or pool lines to /etc/ntp.conf as appropriate:

                                                                                                    server <remote-server>

                                                                                                    Configure ntp to run as the ntp user by adding or editing the /etc/init.d/ntp file:

                                                                                                    RUNASUSER=ntp

                                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                    OR
                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*restrict\s+(-4\s+)?default\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\s*\bkod\b\s*|\s*\bnomodify\b\s*|\s*\bnotrap\b\s*|\s*\bnopeer\b\s*|\s*\bnoquery\b\s*)\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\
                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*restrict\s+-6\s+default\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\s*\bkod\b\s*|\s*\bnomodify\b\s*|\s*\bnotrap\b\s*|\s*\bnopeer\b\s*|\s*\bnoquery\b\s*)\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))
                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(server|pool)\s+\S+
                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/init.d/ntp exists and matches pattern ^\s*RUNASUSER\s*=\s*ntp\s*(?:#.*)?$
                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed
                                                                                                    Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'
                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                    Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                    Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
                                                                                                    Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                                                                    Value String Exists enabled
                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed
                                                                                                    Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.975Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                     <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                 name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580203"/>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="definition"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580203">
                              <div class="criteria">
                                 <div class="criterion"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580203"
                                      check="all"
                                      check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                    <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                             <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*restrict\s+(-4\s+)?default\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\s*\bkod\b\s*|\s*\bnomodify\b\s*|\s*\bnotrap\b\s*|\s*\bnopeer\b\s*|\s*\bnoquery\b\s*)\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                             <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                             <td>All</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                             <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </table>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                     <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                 name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580204"/>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="definition"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580204">
                              <div class="criteria">
                                 <div class="criterion"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580204"
                                      check="all"
                                      check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                    <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                             <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*restrict\s+-6\s+default\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\s*\bkod\b\s*|\s*\bnomodify\b\s*|\s*\bnotrap\b\s*|\s*\bnopeer\b\s*|\s*\bnoquery\b\s*)\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                             <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                             <td>All</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                             <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </table>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                  </xccdf:complex-check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580205"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580205">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580205"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(server|pool)\s+\S+</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580206"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580206">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580206"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/init.d/ntp exists and matches pattern ^\s*RUNASUSER\s*=\s*ntp\s*(?:#.*)?$</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580208"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580208">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580208"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1580209"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1580209_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580209"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580209">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580209"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>enabled</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580207"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580207">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580207"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 6.1
                                                                                                        Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                                                                                                        Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.

                                                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                                      2.1.2 Ensure X Window System is not installed

                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                      The X Window System provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) where users can have multiple windows in which to run programs and various add on. The X Windows system is typically used on workstations where users login, but not on servers where users typically do not login.

                                                                                                      Unless your organization specifically requires graphical login access via X Windows, remove it to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                      Remove the X Windows System packages:

                                                                                                      apt purge xserver-xorg*

                                                                                                      Impact:

                                                                                                      Many Linux systems run applications which require a Java runtime. Some Linux Java packages have a dependency on specific X Windows xorg-x11-fonts. One workaround to avoid this dependency is to use the "headless" Java packages for your specific Java runtime, if provided by your distribution.

                                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure package name pattern match '^xorg-x11.*' is not installed
                                                                                                      Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure package name pattern match '^xserver-xorg.*' is not installed
                                                                                                      Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.975Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455953"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455953">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455953"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name pattern match '^xorg-x11.*' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455954"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455954">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455954"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name pattern match '^xserver-xorg.*' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                        • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                          Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 2.6
                                                                                                          Label: Address unapproved software
                                                                                                          Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                        2.1.3 Ensure Avahi Server is not installed

                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                        Avahi is a free zeroconf implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD service discovery. Avahi allows programs to publish and discover services and hosts running on a local network with no specific configuration. For example, a user can plug a computer into a network and Avahi automatically finds printers to print to, files to look at and people to talk to, as well as network services running on the machine.

                                                                                                        Automatic discovery of network services is not normally required for system functionality. It is recommended to remove this package to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                        Run the following commands to remove avahi-daemon :

                                                                                                        # systemctl stop avahi-daaemon.service

                                                                                                        # systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket

                                                                                                        # apt purge avahi-daemon

                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                        AND
                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'avahi-daemon' is not installed
                                                                                                        Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                        No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.975Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455956"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455956">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455956"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'avahi-daemon' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                            Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                            Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                          2.1.4 Ensure CUPS is not installed

                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                          The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) provides the ability to print to both local and network printers. A system running CUPS can also accept print jobs from remote systems and print them to local printers. It also provides a web based remote administration capability.

                                                                                                          If the system does not need to print jobs or accept print jobs from other systems, it is recommended that CUPS be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                          Run one of the following commands to remove cups :

                                                                                                          # apt purge cups

                                                                                                          Impact:

                                                                                                          Removing CUPS will prevent printing from the system, a common task for workstation systems.

                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cups' is not installed
                                                                                                          Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.975Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">More detailed documentation on CUPS is available at the project homepage at http://www.cups.org.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455959"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455959">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455959"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cups' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                          • URL: More detailed documentation on CUPS is available at the project homepage at http://www.cups.org.

                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                            Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                            Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                          2.1.5 Ensure DHCP Server is not installed

                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                          The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a service that allows machines to be dynamically assigned IP addresses.

                                                                                                          Unless a system is specifically set up to act as a DHCP server, it is recommended that this package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                          Run the following command to remove isc-dhcp-server :

                                                                                                          # apt purge isc-dhcp-server

                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'isc-dhcp-server' is not installed
                                                                                                          Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.975Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">More detailed documentation on DHCP is available at http://www.isc.org/software/dhcp.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455962"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455962">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455962"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'isc-dhcp-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                          • URL: More detailed documentation on DHCP is available at http://www.isc.org/software/dhcp.

                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                            Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                            Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                          2.1.6 Ensure LDAP server is not installed

                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                          The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database.

                                                                                                          If the system will not need to act as an LDAP server, it is recommended that the software be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                          Run one of the following commands to remove slapd :

                                                                                                          # apt purge slapd

                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'slapd' is not installed
                                                                                                          Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.975Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">For more detailed documentation on OpenLDAP, go to the project homepage at http://www.openldap.org.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455963"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455963">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455963"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'slapd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                          • URL: For more detailed documentation on OpenLDAP, go to the project homepage at http://www.openldap.org.

                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                            Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                            Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                          2.1.7 Ensure NFS is not installed

                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                          The Network File System (NFS) is one of the first and most widely distributed file systems in the UNIX environment. It provides the ability for systems to mount file systems of other servers through the network.

                                                                                                          If the system does not export NFS shares or act as an NFS client, it is recommended that these services be removed to reduce the remote attack surface.

                                                                                                          Run the following command to remove nfs :

                                                                                                          # apt purge nfs-kernel-server

                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nfs-kernel-server' is not installed
                                                                                                          Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.975Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455964"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455964">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455964"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nfs-kernel-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                            • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                              Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                              Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                              Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                            Pass

                                                                                                            2.1.8 Ensure DNS Server is not installed

                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                            The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system that maps names to IP addresses for computers, services and other resources connected to a network.

                                                                                                            Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS server, it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                            Run the following commands to disable DNS server :

                                                                                                            # apt purge bind9

                                                                                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                            Complex Check
                                                                                                            AND
                                                                                                            Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'bind9' is not installed
                                                                                                            Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                            Item Check: All
                                                                                                            Result: Pass
                                                                                                            No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.976Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455969"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455969">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455969"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'bind9' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                              2.1.9 Ensure FTP Server is not installed

                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                              The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides networked computers with the ability to transfer files.

                                                                                                              FTP does not protect the confidentiality of data or authentication credentials. It is recommended SFTP be used if file transfer is required. Unless there is a need to run the system as a FTP server (for example, to allow anonymous downloads), it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                              Run the following command to remove vsftpd :

                                                                                                              # apt purge vsftpd

                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'vsftpd' is not installed
                                                                                                              Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.976Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455972"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455972">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455972"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'vsftpd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                2.1.10 Ensure HTTP server is not installed

                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                HTTP or web servers provide the ability to host web site content.

                                                                                                                Unless there is a need to run the system as a web server, it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                                Run the following command to remove apache :

                                                                                                                # apt purge apache2

                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'apache2' is not installed
                                                                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.976Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455976"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455976">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455976"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'apache2' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                                  2.1.11 Ensure IMAP and POP3 server are not installed

                                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                                  dovecot-imapd and dovecot-pop3d are an open source IMAP and POP3 server for Linux based systems.

                                                                                                                  Unless POP3 and/or IMAP servers are to be provided by this system, it is recommended that the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                                  Run one of the following commands to remove dovecot-imapd and dovecot-pop3d :

                                                                                                                  # apt purge dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d

                                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-imapd' is not installed
                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-pop3d' is not installed
                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.976Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455979"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455979">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455979"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-imapd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455981"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455981">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455981"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-pop3d' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                    • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                      Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                      Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                      Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                    Back to Summary
                                                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                                                    2.1.12 Ensure Samba is not installed

                                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                                    The Samba daemon allows system administrators to configure their Linux systems to share file systems and directories with Windows desktops. Samba will advertise the file systems and directories via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Windows desktop users will be able to mount these directories and file systems as letter drives on their systems.

                                                                                                                    If there is no need to mount directories and file systems to Windows systems, then this service should be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                                    Run the following command to remove samba :

                                                                                                                    # apt purge samba

                                                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'samba' is not installed
                                                                                                                    Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.976Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455986"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455986">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455986"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'samba' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                      • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                        Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                        Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                        Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                                                      2.1.13 Ensure HTTP Proxy Server is not installed

                                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                                      Squid is a standard proxy server used in many distributions and environments.

                                                                                                                      If there is no need for a proxy server, it is recommended that the squid proxy be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                                      Run the following command to remove squid :

                                                                                                                      # apt purge squid

                                                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'squid' is not installed
                                                                                                                      Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.976Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455990"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455990">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455990"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'squid' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                        • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                          Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                          Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                          Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                                        2.1.14 Ensure SNMP Server is not installed

                                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                                        Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a widely used protocol for monitoring the health and welfare of network equipment, computer equipment and devices like UPSs.

                                                                                                                        Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMPv1 (RFC 1157), SNMPv2 (RFCs 1901-1908), and SNMPv3 (RFCs 3411-3418) using both IPv4 and IPv6.

                                                                                                                        Support for SNMPv2 classic (a.k.a. "SNMPv2 historic" - RFCs 1441-1452) was dropped with the 4.0 release of the UCD-snmp package.

                                                                                                                        The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) server is used to listen for SNMP commands from an SNMP management system, execute the commands or collect the information and then send results back to the requesting system.

                                                                                                                        The SNMP server can communicate using SNMPv1 , which transmits data in the clear and does not require authentication to execute commands. SNMPv3 replaces the simple/clear text password sharing used in SNMPv2 with more securely encoded parameters. If the the SNMP service is not required, the net-snmp package should be removed to reduce the attack surface of the system.

                                                                                                                        Note: If SNMP is required:

                                                                                                                        • The server should be configured for SNMP v3 only. User Authentication and Message Encryption should be configured.
                                                                                                                        • If SNMP v2 is absolutely necessary, modify the community strings' values.

                                                                                                                        Run the following command to remove snmpd :

                                                                                                                        # apt purge snmpd

                                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                        AND
                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'snmpd' is not installed
                                                                                                                        Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                        No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.976Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455993"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455993">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455993"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'snmpd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                            Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                            Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                          2.1.15 Ensure mail transfer agent is configured for local-only mode

                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                          Mail Transfer Agents (MTA), such as sendmail and Postfix, are used to listen for incoming mail and transfer the messages to the appropriate user or mail server. If the system is not intended to be a mail server, it is recommended that the MTA be configured to only process local mail.

                                                                                                                          The software for all Mail Transfer Agents is complex and most have a long history of security issues. While it is important to ensure that the system can process local mail messages, it is not necessary to have the MTA's daemon listening on a port unless the server is intended to be a mail server that receives and processes mail from other systems.

                                                                                                                          Note: This recommendation is designed around the exim4 mail server, depending on your environment you may have an alternative MTA installed such as sendmail. If this is the case consult the documentation for your installed MTA to configure the recommended state.

                                                                                                                          Edit /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf and and or modify following lines to look like the lines below:

                                                                                                                          dc_eximconfig_configtype='local'

                                                                                                                          dc_local_interfaces='127.0.0.1 ; ::1'

                                                                                                                          dc_readhost=''

                                                                                                                          dc_relay_domains=''

                                                                                                                          dc_minimaldns='false'

                                                                                                                          dc_relay_nets=''

                                                                                                                          dc_smarthost=''

                                                                                                                          dc_use_split_config='false'

                                                                                                                          dc_hide_mailname=''

                                                                                                                          dc_mailname_in_oh='true'

                                                                                                                          dc_localdelivery='mail_spool'

                                                                                                                          Restart exim4:

                                                                                                                          # systemctl restart exim4

                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                          Criterion: Linux Custom Object "No Servers Listening On Port 25"
                                                                                                                          Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455997"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455997">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455997"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Linux Custom Object "No Servers Listening On Port 25"</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                            • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                              Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                              Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                              Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                                            Pass

                                                                                                                            2.1.16 Ensure rsync service is not installed

                                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                                            The rsync service can be used to synchronize files between systems over network links.

                                                                                                                            The rsync service presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for communication. The rsync package should be removed to reduce the attack area of the system.

                                                                                                                            Run the following command to remove rsync :

                                                                                                                            # apt purge rsync

                                                                                                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                            Complex Check
                                                                                                                            AND
                                                                                                                            Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rsync' is not installed
                                                                                                                            Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                            Item Check: All
                                                                                                                            Result: Pass
                                                                                                                            No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456001"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456001">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456001"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rsync' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                              2.1.17 Ensure NIS Server is not installed

                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                              The Network Information Service (NIS) (formally known as Yellow Pages) is a client-server directory service protocol for distributing system configuration files. The NIS server is a collection of programs that allow for the distribution of configuration files.

                                                                                                                              The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). It is recommended that the service be removed and other, more secure services be used

                                                                                                                              Run the following command to remove nis :

                                                                                                                              # apt purge nis

                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed
                                                                                                                              Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456005"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456005">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456005"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                                Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                2.2 Service Clients

                                                                                                                                A number of insecure services exist. While disabling the servers prevents a local attack against these services, it is advised to remove their clients unless they are required.

                                                                                                                                Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of insecure service clients. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.

                                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                                2.2.1 Ensure NIS Client is not installed

                                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                                The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. The NIS client was used to bind a machine to an NIS server and receive the distributed configuration files.

                                                                                                                                The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). It is recommended that the service be removed.

                                                                                                                                Uninstall nis :

                                                                                                                                # apt purge nis

                                                                                                                                Impact:

                                                                                                                                Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

                                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed
                                                                                                                                Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456011"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456011">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456011"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                  • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                    Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 2.6
                                                                                                                                    Label: Address unapproved software
                                                                                                                                    Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                                                                                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                                                  2.2.2 Ensure rsh client is not installed

                                                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                                                  The rsh-client package contains the client commands for the rsh services.

                                                                                                                                  These legacy clients contain numerous security exposures and have been replaced with the more secure SSH package. Even if the server is removed, it is best to ensure the clients are also removed to prevent users from inadvertently attempting to use these commands and therefore exposing their credentials. Note that removing the rsh package removes the clients for rsh , rcp and rlogin .

                                                                                                                                  Uninstall rsh :

                                                                                                                                  # apt purge rsh-client

                                                                                                                                  Impact:

                                                                                                                                  Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

                                                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rsh-client' is not installed
                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456015"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456015">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456015"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rsh-client' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                    • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                                                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                                                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 4.5
                                                                                                                                      Label: Use Multifactor Authentication For All Administrative Access
                                                                                                                                      Description: Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative account access.

                                                                                                                                    Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                                                                    2.2.3 Ensure talk client is not installed

                                                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                                                    The talk software makes it possible for users to send and receive messages across systems through a terminal session. The talk client, which allows initialization of talk sessions, is installed by default.

                                                                                                                                    The software presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for communication.

                                                                                                                                    Uninstall talk :

                                                                                                                                    # apt purge talk

                                                                                                                                    Impact:

                                                                                                                                    Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

                                                                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'talk' is not installed
                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456017"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456017">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456017"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'talk' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                      • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                                                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                        Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                                                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 2.6
                                                                                                                                        Label: Address unapproved software
                                                                                                                                        Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                                                                                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                                                                      2.2.4 Ensure telnet client is not installed

                                                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                                                      The telnet package contains the telnet client, which allows users to start connections to other systems via the telnet protocol.

                                                                                                                                      The telnet protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted transmission medium could allow an unauthorized user to steal credentials. The ssh package provides an encrypted session and stronger security and is included in most Linux distributions.

                                                                                                                                      Uninstall telnet :

                                                                                                                                      # apt purge telnet

                                                                                                                                      Impact:

                                                                                                                                      Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

                                                                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'telnet' is not installed
                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456020"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456020">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456020"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'telnet' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                                                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                                                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 4.5
                                                                                                                                          Label: Use Multifactor Authentication For All Administrative Access
                                                                                                                                          Description: Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative account access.

                                                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                                                        2.2.5 Ensure LDAP client is not installed

                                                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                                                        The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database.

                                                                                                                                        If the system will not need to act as an LDAP client, it is recommended that the software be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                                                        Uninstall ldap-utils :

                                                                                                                                        # apt purge ldap-utils

                                                                                                                                        Impact:

                                                                                                                                        Removing the LDAP client will prevent or inhibit using LDAP for authentication in your environment.

                                                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                        AND
                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ldap-utils' is not installed
                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                        No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456026"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456026">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456026"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ldap-utils' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                          • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                            Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 2.6
                                                                                                                                            Label: Address unapproved software
                                                                                                                                            Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner

                                                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                                          2.2.6 Ensure RPC is not installed

                                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                                          Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a method for creating low level client server applications across different system architectures. It requires an RPC compliant client listening on a network port. The supporting package is rpcbind."

                                                                                                                                          If RPC is not required, it is recommended that this services be removed to reduce the remote attack surface.

                                                                                                                                          Run the following command to remove rpcbind :

                                                                                                                                          # apt purge rpcbind

                                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rpcbind' is not installed
                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456031"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456031">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456031"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rpcbind' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                            • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                              Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                                              Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                                              Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                            Manual

                                                                                                                                            2.3 Ensure nonessential services are removed or masked

                                                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                                                            A network port is identified by its number, the associated IP address, and the type of the communication protocol such as TCP or UDP.

                                                                                                                                            A listening port is a network port on which an application or process listens on, acting as a communication endpoint.

                                                                                                                                            Each listening port can be open or closed (filtered) using a firewall. In general terms, an open port is a network port that accepts incoming packets from remote locations.

                                                                                                                                            Services listening on the system pose a potential risk as an attack vector. These services should be reviewed, and if not required, the service should be stopped, and the package containing the service should be removed. If required packages have a dependency, the service should be stopped and masked to reduce the attack surface of the system.

                                                                                                                                            Run the following command to remove the package containing the service:

                                                                                                                                            # apt purge <package_name>

                                                                                                                                            OR If required packages have a dependency:

                                                                                                                                            Run the following command to stop and mask the service:

                                                                                                                                            # systemctl --now mask <service_name>



                                                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.977Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                                                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                              3 Network Configuration

                                                                                                                                              This section provides guidance on for securing the network configuration of the system through kernel parameters, access list control, and firewall settings.

                                                                                                                                              3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices

                                                                                                                                              To reduce the attack surface of a system, unused network protocols and devices should be disabled.

                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                              3.1.2 Ensure wireless interfaces are disabled

                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                              Wireless networking is used when wired networks are unavailable. Debian contains a wireless tool kit to allow system administrators to configure and use wireless networks.

                                                                                                                                              If wireless is not to be used, wireless devices can be disabled to reduce the potential attack surface.

                                                                                                                                              Run the following script to disable any wireless interfaces:

                                                                                                                                              #!/bin/bash



                                                                                                                                              if command -v nmcli >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then

                                                                                                                                              nmcli radio all off

                                                                                                                                              else

                                                                                                                                              if [ -n "$(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless)" ]; then

                                                                                                                                              mname=$(for driverdir in $(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless | xargs -0 dirname); do basename "$(readlink -f "$driverdir"/device/driver/module)";done | sort -u)

                                                                                                                                              for dm in $mname; do

                                                                                                                                              echo "install $dm /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/disable_wireless.conf

                                                                                                                                              done

                                                                                                                                              fi

                                                                                                                                              fi

                                                                                                                                              Impact:

                                                                                                                                              Many if not all laptop workstations and some desktop workstations will connect via wireless requiring these interfaces be enabled.

                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                              Script: sce/wireless_check_v3.sh
                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                              Output:
                                                                                                                                              • Wireless is disabled
                                                                                                                                              No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.978Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wireless_check_v3.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/wireless_check_v3.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/wireless_check_v3.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Wireless is disabled</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/wireless_check_v3.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Wireless is disabled</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                • Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
                                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems.
                                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 15.4
                                                                                                                                                  Label: Disable Wireless Access on Devices if Not Required
                                                                                                                                                  Description: Disable wireless access on devices that do not have a business purpose for wireless access.
                                                                                                                                                • Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
                                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems.
                                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 15.5
                                                                                                                                                  Label: Limit Wireless Access on Client Devices
                                                                                                                                                  Description: Configure wireless access on client machines that do have an essential wireless business purpose, to allow access only to authorized wireless networks and to restrict access to other wireless networks.

                                                                                                                                                Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only)

                                                                                                                                                The following network parameters are intended for use if the system is to act as a host only. A system is considered host only if the system has a single interface, or has multiple interfaces but will not be configured as a router.

                                                                                                                                                Note:

                                                                                                                                                Configuration files are read from directories in /etc/ , /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ , in order of precedence. Files must have the the ".conf" extension. extension. Files in /etc/ override files with the same name in /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ . Files in /run/ override files with the same name under /usr/ .

                                                                                                                                                All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If multiple files specify the same option, the entry in the file with the lexicographically latest name will take precedence. Thus, the configuration in a certain file may either be replaced completely (by placing a file with the same name in a directory with higher priority), or individual settings might be changed (by specifying additional settings in a file with a different name that is ordered later).

                                                                                                                                                Packages should install their configuration files in /usr/lib/ (distribution packages) or /usr/local/lib/ (local installs). Files in /etc/ are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. It is recommended to prefix all filenames with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.

                                                                                                                                                If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory in /etc/ , with the same filename as the vendor configuration file. If the vendor configuration file is included in the initrd image, the image has to be regenerated.

                                                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                                                3.2.1 Ensure packet redirect sending is disabled

                                                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                                                ICMP Redirects are used to send routing information to other hosts. As a host itself does not act as a router (in a host only configuration), there is no need to send redirects.

                                                                                                                                                An attacker could use a compromised host to send invalid ICMP redirects to other router devices in an attempt to corrupt routing and have users access a system set up by the attacker as opposed to a valid system.

                                                                                                                                                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
                                                                                                                                                Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
                                                                                                                                                Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
                                                                                                                                                Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
                                                                                                                                                Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
                                                                                                                                                Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
                                                                                                                                                Value Int Exists 0


                                                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.978Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1474540"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1474540_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474540"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474540">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745402"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745403"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745401"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1474541"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1474541_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474541"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474541">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745412"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745413"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745411"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                  • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                    Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                    Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                    Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                                                                  3.2.2 Ensure IP forwarding is disabled

                                                                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                                                                  The net.ipv4.ip_forward and net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding flags are used to tell the system whether it can forward packets or not.

                                                                                                                                                  Setting the flags to 0 ensures that a system with multiple interfaces (for example, a hard proxy), will never be able to forward packets, and therefore, never serve as a router.

                                                                                                                                                  Run the following command to restore the default parameter and set the active kernel parameter:

                                                                                                                                                  # grep -Els "^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1" /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf | while read filename; do sed -ri "s/^\s*(net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*)(=)(\s*\S+\b).*$/# *REMOVED* \1/" $filename; done; sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0; sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                  IF IPv6 is enabled:

                                                                                                                                                  Run the following command to restore the default parameter and set the active kernel parameter:

                                                                                                                                                  # grep -Els "^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1" /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf | while read filename; do sed -ri "s/^\s*(net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*)(=)(\s*\S+\b).*$/# *REMOVED* \1/" $filename; done; sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=0; sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/sysctl_running_config.sh
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                  • sysctl parameter is: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  OR
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/sysctl_running_config.sh
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                  • sysctl parameter is: net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*
                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                  • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.979Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                         value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475256_var"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content>
                        <command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                                        xccdf="pass"
                                        script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                                        exit-value="101">
                           <out>
                              <l>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0</l>
                           </out>
                           <err/>
                           <env/>
                        </command_result>
                     </xccdf:check-content>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="sce">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                    <td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                    <td>101</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul class="unstyled">
                                          <li>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475257"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475257">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475257"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="none_exist">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>None Exist</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475258"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475258">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475258"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="none_exist">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>None Exist</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475259"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475259">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475259"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475260"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475260">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475260"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                     <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                            value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475261_var"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content>
                           <command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                                           xccdf="pass"
                                           script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
                                           exit-value="101">
                              <out>
                                 <l>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0</l>
                              </out>
                              <err/>
                              <env/>
                           </command_result>
                        </xccdf:check-content>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="sce">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                       <td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                       <td>101</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                       <td>
                                          <ul class="unstyled">
                                             <li>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0</li>
                                          </ul>
                                       </td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                     <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                 name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475262"/>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="definition"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475262">
                              <div class="criteria">
                                 <div class="criterion"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475262"
                                      check="all"
                                      check_existence="none_exist">
                                    <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                             <td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                             <td>None Exist</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                             <td>All</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                             <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </table>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                  </xccdf:complex-check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475263"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475263">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475263"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="none_exist">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>None Exist</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475264"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475264">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475264"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="none_exist">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>None Exist</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475265"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475265">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475265"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                    • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                      Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                      Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                      Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                    Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                    3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router)

                                                                                                                                                    The following network parameters are intended for use on both host only and router systems. A system acts as a router if it has at least two interfaces and is configured to perform routing functions.

                                                                                                                                                    Note:

                                                                                                                                                    Configuration files are read from directories in /etc/ , /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ , in order of precedence. Files must have the the ".conf" extension. extension. Files in /etc/ override files with the same name in /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ . Files in /run/ override files with the same name under /usr/ .

                                                                                                                                                    All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If multiple files specify the same option, the entry in the file with the lexicographically latest name will take precedence. Thus, the configuration in a certain file may either be replaced completely (by placing a file with the same name in a directory with higher priority), or individual settings might be changed (by specifying additional settings in a file with a different name that is ordered later).

                                                                                                                                                    Packages should install their configuration files in /usr/lib/ (distribution packages) or /usr/local/lib/ (local installs). Files in /etc/ are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. It is recommended to prefix all filenames with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.

                                                                                                                                                    If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory in /etc/ , with the same filename as the vendor configuration file. If the vendor configuration file is included in the initrd image, the image has to be regenerated.

                                                                                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                                                                                    3.3.1 Ensure source routed packets are not accepted

                                                                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                                                                    In networking, source routing allows a sender to partially or fully specify the route packets take through a network. In contrast, non-source routed packets travel a path determined by routers in the network. In some cases, systems may not be routable or reachable from some locations (e.g. private addresses vs. Internet routable), and so source routed packets would need to be used.

                                                                                                                                                    Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route, net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route, net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route to 0 disables the system from accepting source routed packets. Assume this system was capable of routing packets to Internet routable addresses on one interface and private addresses on another interface. Assume that the private addresses were not routable to the Internet routable addresses and vice versa. Under normal routing circumstances, an attacker from the Internet routable addresses could not use the system as a way to reach the private address systems. If, however, source routed packets were allowed, they could be used to gain access to the private address systems as the route could be specified, rather than rely on routing protocols that did not allow this routing.

                                                                                                                                                    Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                    net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

                                                                                                                                                    net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

                                                                                                                                                    Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0

                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                    IF IPv6 is enabled:

                                                                                                                                                    Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                    net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

                                                                                                                                                    net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

                                                                                                                                                    Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0

                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                    Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                    Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                    Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
                                                                                                                                                    Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                    Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                    Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                    Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
                                                                                                                                                    Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                    OR
                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                    Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                    Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                    Line String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Text String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route
                                                                                                                                                    Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                    Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                    Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                    Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                    Line String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Text String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
                                                                                                                                                    Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                    Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route
                                                                                                                                                    Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                    Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                    Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                    Output:
                                                                                                                                                    • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                    No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.979Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475267"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475267_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475267"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475267">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752672"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Does not exist</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752673"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752671"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475268"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475268_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475268"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475268">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752682"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Does not exist</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752683"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752681"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475269"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475269_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475269"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475269">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752692"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filepath</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Path</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filename</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Pattern</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Instance</td>
                                       <td>Int</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>1</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Line</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Text</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Subexpression</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Does not exist</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Windows View</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Not collected</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752693"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752691"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Name</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Value</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>0</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475270"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475270_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475270"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475270">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752702"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filepath</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Path</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filename</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Pattern</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Instance</td>
                                       <td>Int</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>1</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Line</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Text</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Subexpression</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Does not exist</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Windows View</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Not collected</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752703"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752701"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Name</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Value</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>0</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                                                                                      3.3.2 Ensure ICMP redirects are not accepted

                                                                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                                                                      ICMP redirect messages are packets that convey routing information and tell your host (acting as a router) to send packets via an alternate path. It is a way of allowing an outside routing device to update your system routing tables. By setting net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects and net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects to 0, the system will not accept any ICMP redirect messages, and therefore, won't allow outsiders to update the system's routing tables.

                                                                                                                                                      Attackers could use bogus ICMP redirect messages to maliciously alter the system routing tables and get them to send packets to incorrect networks and allow your system packets to be captured.

                                                                                                                                                      Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                      net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                      net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                      Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                      # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                      # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                      # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                      IF IPv6 is enabled:

                                                                                                                                                      Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                      net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                      net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                      Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                      # sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                      # sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                      # sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                      Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                      Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
                                                                                                                                                      Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                      Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                      Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
                                                                                                                                                      Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                      OR
                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                      Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                      Line String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Text String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Name String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects
                                                                                                                                                      Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                      Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                      Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                      Line String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Text String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                      Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                      Name String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects
                                                                                                                                                      Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                      Output:
                                                                                                                                                      • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.979Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475272"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475272_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475272"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475272">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752722"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Does not exist</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752723"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752721"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475273"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475273_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475273"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475273">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752732"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Does not exist</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752733"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752731"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475274"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475274_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475274"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475274">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752742"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filepath</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Path</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filename</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Pattern</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Instance</td>
                                       <td>Int</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>1</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Line</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Text</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Subexpression</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Does not exist</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Windows View</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Not collected</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752743"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752741"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Name</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Value</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>0</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475275"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475275_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475275"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475275">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752752"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filepath</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Path</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>/etc</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Filename</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Pattern</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Instance</td>
                                       <td>Int</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>1</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Line</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Text</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Subexpression</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Does not exist</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Windows View</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Not collected</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752753"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752751"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Name</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Value</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>0</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                          Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                          Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                                                                        3.3.3 Ensure secure ICMP redirects are not accepted

                                                                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                                                                        Secure ICMP redirects are the same as ICMP redirects, except they come from gateways listed on the default gateway list. It is assumed that these gateways are known to your system, and that they are likely to be secure.

                                                                                                                                                        It is still possible for even known gateways to be compromised. Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects to 0 protects the system from routing table updates by possibly compromised known gateways.

                                                                                                                                                        Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                        net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                        net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0

                                                                                                                                                        Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                        # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                        # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0

                                                                                                                                                        # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                        AND
                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                        Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                        Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                        Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                        Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                        Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                        Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                        Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                        Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                        Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                        Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                        Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                        No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                        Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                        Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                        Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
                                                                                                                                                        Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                        Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                        Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                        Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                        Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                        Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                        Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                        Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                        Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                        Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
                                                                                                                                                        Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                        Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                        No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                        Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                        Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                        Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
                                                                                                                                                        Value Int Exists 0


                                                                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.979Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456206"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456206_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456206"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456206">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562062"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562063"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562061"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456209"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456209_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456209"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456209">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562092"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562093"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562091"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                          • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                            Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                            Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                            Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                                                          3.3.4 Ensure suspicious packets are logged

                                                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                                                          When enabled, this feature logs packets with un-routable source addresses to the kernel log.

                                                                                                                                                          Enabling this feature and logging these packets allows an administrator to investigate the possibility that an attacker is sending spoofed packets to their system.

                                                                                                                                                          Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                          net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

                                                                                                                                                          net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

                                                                                                                                                          Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                          # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1

                                                                                                                                                          # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1

                                                                                                                                                          # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                          Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                          Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                          Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                          Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                          Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                          Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians\s*=\s*1$
                                                                                                                                                          Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                          Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
                                                                                                                                                          Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
                                                                                                                                                          Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                          Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                          Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                          Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                          Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
                                                                                                                                                          Value Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                          Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                          Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                          Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                          Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                          Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                          Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians\s*=\s*1$
                                                                                                                                                          Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                          Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
                                                                                                                                                          Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
                                                                                                                                                          Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                          Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                          No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                          Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                          Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                          Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
                                                                                                                                                          Value Int Exists 1


                                                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.980Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456213"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456213_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456213"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456213">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562132"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians\s*=\s*1$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562133"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562131"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456218"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456218_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456218"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456218">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562182"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians\s*=\s*1$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562183"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562181"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                            • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                              Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 6.2
                                                                                                                                                              Label: Activate audit logging
                                                                                                                                                              Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                                                                                                                                                            • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                              Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 6.3
                                                                                                                                                              Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                                                                                                                                                              Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.

                                                                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                            Pass

                                                                                                                                                            3.3.5 Ensure broadcast ICMP requests are ignored

                                                                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                                                                            Setting net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts to 1 will cause the system to ignore all ICMP echo and timestamp requests to broadcast and multicast addresses.

                                                                                                                                                            Accepting ICMP echo and timestamp requests with broadcast or multicast destinations for your network could be used to trick your host into starting (or participating) in a Smurf attack. A Smurf attack relies on an attacker sending large amounts of ICMP broadcast messages with a spoofed source address. All hosts receiving this message and responding would send echo-reply messages back to the spoofed address, which is probably not routable. If many hosts respond to the packets, the amount of traffic on the network could be significantly multiplied.

                                                                                                                                                            Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                            net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

                                                                                                                                                            Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                            # sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1 # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                            Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                            AND
                                                                                                                                                            Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                            Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                            Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                            Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                            Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                            Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                            Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                            Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                            Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts\s*=\s*1$
                                                                                                                                                            Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                            Line String Exists net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
                                                                                                                                                            Text String Exists net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
                                                                                                                                                            Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                            Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                            Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                            Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                            Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                            No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                            Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                            Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                            Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                            Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                            Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                            Name String Exists net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                            Value Int Exists 1


                                                                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.980Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456222"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456222_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456222"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456222">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562222"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts\s*=\s*1$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562223"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562221"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                              • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                                Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                                              3.3.6 Ensure bogus ICMP responses are ignored

                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                              Setting icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses to 1 prevents the kernel from logging bogus responses (RFC-1122 non-compliant) from broadcast reframes, keeping file systems from filling up with useless log messages.

                                                                                                                                                              Some routers (and some attackers) will send responses that violate RFC-1122 and attempt to fill up a log file system with many useless error messages.

                                                                                                                                                              Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                              net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

                                                                                                                                                              Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                              # sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1 # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                              Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                              Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses\s*=\s*1$
                                                                                                                                                              Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                              Line String Exists net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
                                                                                                                                                              Text String Exists net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
                                                                                                                                                              Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                              Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                              Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                              Name String Exists net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
                                                                                                                                                              Value Int Exists 1


                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.980Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456226"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456226_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456226"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456226">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562262"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses\s*=\s*1$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562263"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562261"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                  Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                                  Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                  Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                                                                3.3.7 Ensure Reverse Path Filtering is enabled

                                                                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                                                                Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter and net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter to 1 forces the Linux kernel to utilize reverse path filtering on a received packet to determine if the packet was valid. Essentially, with reverse path filtering, if the return packet does not go out the same interface that the corresponding source packet came from, the packet is dropped (and logged if log_martians is set).

                                                                                                                                                                Setting these flags is a good way to deter attackers from sending your system bogus packets that cannot be responded to. One instance where this feature breaks down is if asymmetrical routing is employed. This would occur when using dynamic routing protocols (bgp, ospf, etc) on your system. If you are using asymmetrical routing on your system, you will not be able to enable this feature without breaking the routing.

                                                                                                                                                                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                                net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

                                                                                                                                                                net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

                                                                                                                                                                Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                                # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1 # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1 # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                                Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter\s*=\s*1$
                                                                                                                                                                Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
                                                                                                                                                                Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
                                                                                                                                                                Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                                Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
                                                                                                                                                                Value Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                                Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter\s*=\s*1$
                                                                                                                                                                Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                Line String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
                                                                                                                                                                Text String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
                                                                                                                                                                Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                                Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                Name String Exists net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
                                                                                                                                                                Value Int Exists 1


                                                                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.980Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456231"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456231_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456231"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456231">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562312"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter\s*=\s*1$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562313"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562311"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456233"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456233_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456233"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456233">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562332"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter\s*=\s*1$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562333"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562331"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                  • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                    Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                                    Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                    Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                                                                                  3.3.8 Ensure TCP SYN Cookies is enabled

                                                                                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                                                                                  When tcp_syncookies is set, the kernel will handle TCP SYN packets normally until the half-open connection queue is full, at which time, the SYN cookie functionality kicks in. SYN cookies work by not using the SYN queue at all. Instead, the kernel simply replies to the SYN with a SYN|ACK, but will include a specially crafted TCP sequence number that encodes the source and destination IP address and port number and the time the packet was sent. A legitimate connection would send the ACK packet of the three way handshake with the specially crafted sequence number. This allows the system to verify that it has received a valid response to a SYN cookie and allow the connection, even though there is no corresponding SYN in the queue.

                                                                                                                                                                  Attackers use SYN flood attacks to perform a denial of service attacked on a system by sending many SYN packets without completing the three way handshake. This will quickly use up slots in the kernel's half-open connection queue and prevent legitimate connections from succeeding. SYN cookies allow the system to keep accepting valid connections, even if under a denial of service attack.

                                                                                                                                                                  Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                                  net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

                                                                                                                                                                  Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                                  # sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 # sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                  AND
                                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                  Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                  Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                  Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                  Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                                  Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                  Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies\s*=\s*1$
                                                                                                                                                                  Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                  Line String Exists net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
                                                                                                                                                                  Text String Exists net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
                                                                                                                                                                  Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                                  Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                  Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                                  Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                  Name String Exists net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
                                                                                                                                                                  Value Int Exists 1


                                                                                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.980Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456237"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456237_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456237"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456237">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562372"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Pattern</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>^\s*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies\s*=\s*1$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Instance</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Line</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Text</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Subexpression</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Does not exist</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Windows View</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562373"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562371"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                    • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                      Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                                      Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                      Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                                    Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                                                                                                    3.3.9 Ensure IPv6 router advertisements are not accepted

                                                                                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                                                                                    This setting disables the system's ability to accept IPv6 router advertisements.

                                                                                                                                                                    It is recommended that systems do not accept router advertisements as they could be tricked into routing traffic to compromised machines. Setting hard routes within the system (usually a single default route to a trusted router) protects the system from bad routes.

                                                                                                                                                                    IF IPv6 is enabled:

                                                                                                                                                                    Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:

                                                                                                                                                                    net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0

                                                                                                                                                                    net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0

                                                                                                                                                                    Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra=0

                                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=0

                                                                                                                                                                    # sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                                                                                                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                    OR
                                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                    Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                    Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                                    Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                    Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                                    Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                    Line String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
                                                                                                                                                                    Text String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
                                                                                                                                                                    Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                    Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra
                                                                                                                                                                    Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                    Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Filepath String Exists /etc/sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                    Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                                    Filename String Exists sysctl.conf
                                                                                                                                                                    Pattern String Exists ^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra\s*=\s*0$
                                                                                                                                                                    Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                    Line String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
                                                                                                                                                                    Text String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
                                                                                                                                                                    Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)
                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                    Sysctl Item
                                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
                                                                                                                                                                    Value Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                                    Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                    Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                    Output:
                                                                                                                                                                    • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                                    No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.980Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475277"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475277_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475277"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475277">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752772"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Does not exist</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752773"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752771"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475278"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475278_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475278"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475278">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752782"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>sysctl.conf</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra\s*=\s*0$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Does not exist</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752783"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752781"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                                        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                                      Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                                      3.4 Uncommon Network Protocols

                                                                                                                                                                      The Linux kernel modules support several network protocols that are not commonly used. If these protocols are not needed, it is recommended that they be disabled in the kernel.

                                                                                                                                                                      Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of uncommon network protocols, you may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.

                                                                                                                                                                      3.5 Firewall Configuration

                                                                                                                                                                      A firewall is a set of rules. When a data packet moves into or out of a protected network space, its contents (in particular, information about its origin, target, and the protocol it plans to use) are tested against the firewall rules to see if it should be allowed through

                                                                                                                                                                      To provide a Host Based Firewall, the Linux kernel includes support for:

                                                                                                                                                                      • Netfilter - A set of hooks inside the Linux kernel that allows kernel modules to register callback functions with the network stack. A registered callback function is then called back for every packet that traverses the respective hook within the network stack. Includes the ip_tables, ip6_tables, arp_tables, and ebtables kernel modules. These modules are some of the significant parts of the Netfilter hook system.
                                                                                                                                                                      • nftables - A subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames. nftables is supposed to replace certain parts of Netfilter, while keeping and reusing most of it. nftables utilizes the building blocks of the Netfilter infrastructure, such as the existing hooks into the networking stack, connection tracking system, userspace queueing component, and logging subsystem. Is available in Linux kernels 3.13 and newer .

                                                                                                                                                                      In order to configure firewall rules for Netfilter or nftables, a firewall utility needs to be installed. Guidance has been included for the following firewall utilities:

                                                                                                                                                                      • UncomplicatedFirewall (ufw) - Provides firewall features by acting as a front-end for the Linux kernel's netfilter framework via the iptables backend. ufw supports both IPv4 and IPv6 networks
                                                                                                                                                                      • nftables - Includes the nft utility for configuration of the nftables subsystem of the Linux kernel
                                                                                                                                                                      • iptables - Includes the iptables, ip6tables, arptables and ebtables utilities for configuration Netfilter and the ip_tables, ip6_tables, arp_tables, and ebtables kernel modules.

                                                                                                                                                                      Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                      • Only one method should be used to configure a firewall on the system. Use of more than one method could produce unexpected results
                                                                                                                                                                      • This section is intended only to ensure the resulting firewall rules are in place, not how they are configured

                                                                                                                                                                      3.5.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall

                                                                                                                                                                      If nftables or iptables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.

                                                                                                                                                                      Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.

                                                                                                                                                                      • Uses a command-line interface consisting of a small number of simple commands
                                                                                                                                                                      • Uses iptables for configuration
                                                                                                                                                                      • Rules are processed until first matching rule. The first matching rule will be applied.

                                                                                                                                                                      Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                      • Configuration of a live system's firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out
                                                                                                                                                                      • Rules should be ordered so that ALLOW rules come before DENY rules.
                                                                                                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                                                                                                      3.5.1.1 Ensure ufw is installed

                                                                                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                                                                                      The Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables and is particularly well-suited for host-based firewalls. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line interface for manipulating the firewall

                                                                                                                                                                      A firewall utility is required to configure the Linux kernel's netfilter framework via the iptables or nftables back-end.

                                                                                                                                                                      The Linux kernel's netfilter framework host-based firewall can protect against threats originating from within a corporate network to include malicious mobile code and poorly configured software on a host.

                                                                                                                                                                      Note: Only one firewall utility should be installed and configured. UFW is dependent on the iptables package

                                                                                                                                                                      Run the following command to install Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW):

                                                                                                                                                                      apt install ufw

                                                                                                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                      OR
                                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is installed
                                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                      Dpkginfo Item
                                                                                                                                                                      Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                      Name String Exists ufw
                                                                                                                                                                      Arch String Exists all
                                                                                                                                                                      Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                                                                                                                                      Release String Exists 6
                                                                                                                                                                      Version String Exists 0.36
                                                                                                                                                                      Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.36-6
                                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                      Output:
                                                                                                                                                                      • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                      • Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system
                                                                                                                                                                      • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.980Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456279"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456279">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456279"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ufw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>6</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0.36</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:0.36-6</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                        • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                          Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                          Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                          Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                                                                                        3.5.1.2 Ensure iptables-persistent is not installed with ufw

                                                                                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                                                                                        The iptables-persistent is a boot-time loader for netfilter rules, iptables plugin

                                                                                                                                                                        Running both ufw and the services included in the iptables-persistent package may lead to conflict

                                                                                                                                                                        Run the following command to remove the iptables-persistent package:

                                                                                                                                                                        # apt purge iptables-persistent

                                                                                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                        OR
                                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                        No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                        • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                        • Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system
                                                                                                                                                                        • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                                                                                                                                                                        No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.981Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456286"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456286">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456286"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                            Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                            Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                                                                          3.5.1.3 Ensure ufw service is enabled

                                                                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                                                                          UncomplicatedFirewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line and available graphical user interface for manipulating the firewall.

                                                                                                                                                                          Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                          • When running ufw enable or starting ufw via its initscript, ufw will flush its chains. This is required so ufw can maintain a consistent state, but it may drop existing connections (eg ssh). ufw does support adding rules before enabling the firewall.
                                                                                                                                                                          • Run the following command before running ufw enable .
                                                                                                                                                                          # ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 22
                                                                                                                                                                          • The rules will still be flushed, but the ssh port will be open after enabling the firewall. Please note that once ufw is 'enabled', ufw will not flush the chains when adding or removing rules (but will when modifying a rule or changing the default policy)
                                                                                                                                                                          • By default, ufw will prompt when enabling the firewall while running under ssh. This can be disabled by using ufw --force enable

                                                                                                                                                                          The ufw service must be enabled and running in order for ufw to protect the system

                                                                                                                                                                          Run the following command to enable ufw:

                                                                                                                                                                          # ufw enable

                                                                                                                                                                          Impact:

                                                                                                                                                                          Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.

                                                                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                          OR
                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/ufw_enabled.sh
                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                          • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                          • Passed. UFW status is: "Status: active"
                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                          • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                          • Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system
                                                                                                                                                                          • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.981Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/ufw.8.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_enabled.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/ufw_enabled.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_enabled.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed. UFW status is: "Status: active"</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/ufw_enabled.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed. UFW status is: "Status: active"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                                                                          • URL: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/ufw.8.html

                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                            Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                            Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                                                                          3.5.1.4 Ensure ufw loopback traffic is configured

                                                                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                                                                          Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 and ::1/128 for IPv6).

                                                                                                                                                                          Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (127.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 and ::1/128 for IPv6) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                                                                                                                                                                          Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                                                                                                                                                                          # ufw allow in on lo

                                                                                                                                                                          # ufw allow out on lo

                                                                                                                                                                          # ufw deny in from 127.0.0.0/8

                                                                                                                                                                          # ufw deny in from ::1

                                                                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                          OR
                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                          OR
                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                          No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                          • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                          No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                          • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                          • Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system
                                                                                                                                                                          • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.981Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456299_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456297_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out/>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                            • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                              Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                              Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                              Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                            Manual

                                                                                                                                                                            3.5.1.5 Ensure ufw outbound connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                                                                                            Configure the firewall rules for new outbound connections.

                                                                                                                                                                            Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                            • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.
                                                                                                                                                                            • Unlike iptables, when a new outbound rule is added, ufw automatically takes care of associated established connections, so no rules for the latter kind are required.

                                                                                                                                                                            If rules are not in place for new outbound connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                                                                                                                                                                            Configure ufw in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections on all interfaces:

                                                                                                                                                                            # ufw allow out on all



                                                                                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.981Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                              Manual

                                                                                                                                                                              3.5.1.6 Ensure ufw firewall rules exist for all open ports

                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                              Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.

                                                                                                                                                                              Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                              • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                              • The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult ufw documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy

                                                                                                                                                                              Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.

                                                                                                                                                                              For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:

                                                                                                                                                                              # ufw allow in <port>/<tcp or udp protocol>

                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                              OR
                                                                                                                                                                              Script: sce/ufw_open_ports.sh
                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                              Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                              Output:
                                                                                                                                                                              • ufw missing a rule for an open port
                                                                                                                                                                              No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                              Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                              Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                              Output:
                                                                                                                                                                              • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                              • Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system
                                                                                                                                                                              • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                                                                                                                                                                              No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.981Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>ufw missing a rule for an open port</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/ufw_open_ports.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>ufw missing a rule for an open port</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                3.5.1.7 Ensure ufw default deny firewall policy

                                                                                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                A default deny policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.

                                                                                                                                                                                Note: Any port or protocol without a explicit allow before the default deny will be blocked

                                                                                                                                                                                With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                Run the following commands to implement a default deny policy:

                                                                                                                                                                                # ufw default deny incoming



                                                                                                                                                                                # ufw default deny outgoing



                                                                                                                                                                                # ufw default deny routed

                                                                                                                                                                                Impact:

                                                                                                                                                                                Any port and protocol not explicitly allowed will be blocked. The following rules should be considered before applying the default deny.

                                                                                                                                                                                ufw allow git

                                                                                                                                                                                ufw allow in http

                                                                                                                                                                                ufw allow in https

                                                                                                                                                                                ufw allow out 53

                                                                                                                                                                                ufw logging on

                                                                                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                OR
                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                • Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.981Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456315_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456317_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456320_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out/>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                    Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                    Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                  Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                                                  3.5.2 Configure nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                  If Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) or iptables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.

                                                                                                                                                                                  nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames and is the successor to iptables. The biggest change with the successor nftables is its simplicity. With iptables, we have to configure every single rule and use the syntax which can be compared with normal commands. With nftables, the simpler syntax, much like BPF (Berkely Packet Filter) means shorter lines and less repetition. Support for nftables should also be compiled into the kernel, together with the related nftables modules. Please ensure that your kernel supports nf_tables before choosing this option.

                                                                                                                                                                                  Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                                  • This section broadly assumes starting with an empty nftables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with nft flush ruleset).
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot.
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot.

                                                                                                                                                                                  The following will implement the firewall rules of this section and open ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) from anywhere. Opening the ports for ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) needs to be updated in accordance with local site policy. Allow port 22(ssh) needs to be updated to only allow systems requiring ssh connectivity to connect, as per site policy.

                                                                                                                                                                                  Save the script bellow as /etc/nftables.rules

                                                                                                                                                                                  #!/sbin/nft -f



                                                                                                                                                                                  # This nftables.rules config should be saved as /etc/nftables.rules

                                                                                                                                                                                  # flush nftables rulesset

                                                                                                                                                                                  flush ruleset

                                                                                                                                                                                  # Load nftables ruleset

                                                                                                                                                                                  # nftables config with inet table named filter

                                                                                                                                                                                  table inet filter {

                                                                                                                                                                                  # Base chain for input hook named input (Filters inbound network packets)

                                                                                                                                                                                  chain input {

                                                                                                                                                                                  type filter hook input priority 0; policy drop;



                                                                                                                                                                                  # Ensure loopback traffic is configured

                                                                                                                                                                                  iif "lo" accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip saddr 127.0.0.0/8 counter packets 0 bytes 0 drop

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6 saddr ::1 counter packets 0 bytes 0 drop



                                                                                                                                                                                  # Ensure established connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip protocol tcp ct state established accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip protocol udp ct state established accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip protocol icmp ct state established accept



                                                                                                                                                                                  # Accept port 22(SSH) traffic from anywhere

                                                                                                                                                                                  tcp dport ssh accept



                                                                                                                                                                                  # Accept ICMP and IGMP from anywhere

                                                                                                                                                                                  icmpv6 type { destination-unreachable, packet-too-big, time-exceeded, parameter-problem, mld-listener-query, mld-listener-report, mld-listener-done, nd-router-solicit, nd-router-advert, nd-neighbor-solicit, nd-neighbor-advert, ind-neighbor-solicit, ind-neighbor-advert, mld2-listener-report } accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  icmp type { destination-unreachable, router-advertisement, router-solicitation, time-exceeded, parameter-problem } accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip protocol igmp accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  }



                                                                                                                                                                                  # Base chain for hook forward named forward (Filters forwarded network packets)

                                                                                                                                                                                  chain forward {

                                                                                                                                                                                  type filter hook forward priority 0; policy drop;

                                                                                                                                                                                  }



                                                                                                                                                                                  # Base chain for hook output named output (Filters outbount network packets)

                                                                                                                                                                                  chain output {

                                                                                                                                                                                  type filter hook output priority 0; policy drop;

                                                                                                                                                                                  # Ensure outbound and established connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip protocol tcp ct state established,related,new accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip protocol udp ct state established,related,new accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  ip protocol icmp ct state established,related,new accept

                                                                                                                                                                                  }

                                                                                                                                                                                  }

                                                                                                                                                                                  Run the following command to load the file into nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                  # nft -f /etc/nftables.rules

                                                                                                                                                                                  All changes in the nftables subsections are temporary.

                                                                                                                                                                                  To make these changes permanent:

                                                                                                                                                                                  Run the following command to create the nftables.rules file

                                                                                                                                                                                  nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.rules

                                                                                                                                                                                  Add the following line to /etc/nftables.conf

                                                                                                                                                                                  include "/etc/nftables.rules"
                                                                                                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                  3.5.2.1 Ensure nftables is installed

                                                                                                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                  nftables provides a new in-kernel packet classification framework that is based on a network-specific Virtual Machine (VM) and a new nft userspace command line tool. nftables reuses the existing Netfilter subsystems such as the existing hook infrastructure, the connection tracking system, NAT, userspace queuing and logging subsystem.

                                                                                                                                                                                  Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                                  • nftables is available in Linux kernel 3.13 and newer
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Only one firewall utility should be installed and configured
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Changing firewall settings while connected over the network can result in being locked out of the system

                                                                                                                                                                                  nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel that can protect against threats originating from within a corporate network to include malicious mobile code and poorly configured software on a host.

                                                                                                                                                                                  Run the following command to install nftables :

                                                                                                                                                                                  # apt install nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                  OR
                                                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is installed
                                                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                  • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                  • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.982Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456325"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456325">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456325"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                    • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                      Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                      Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                      Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                    Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                    3.5.2.2 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                    Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.

                                                                                                                                                                                    Running both the nftables service and ufw may lead to conflict and unexpected results.

                                                                                                                                                                                    Run one of the following commands to either remove ufw or disable ufw

                                                                                                                                                                                    Run the following command to remove ufw :

                                                                                                                                                                                    # apt purge ufw

                                                                                                                                                                                    Run the following command to disable ufw :

                                                                                                                                                                                    # ufw disable

                                                                                                                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                    OR
                                                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                    OR
                                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                    Dpkginfo Item
                                                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists ufw
                                                                                                                                                                                    Arch String Exists all
                                                                                                                                                                                    Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                                                                                                                                                    Release String Exists 6
                                                                                                                                                                                    Version String Exists 0.36
                                                                                                                                                                                    Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.36-6
                                                                                                                                                                                    Script: sce/ufw_disabled.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                    Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                    Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                    • UFW status is: "Status: active"
                                                                                                                                                                                    No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                    Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                    Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                    Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                    • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                    • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                    No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.982Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484917"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484917">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484917"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ufw</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Arch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>all</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Epoch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>(none)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Release</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>6</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Version</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0.36</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Evr</td>
                                 <td>Evr String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0:0.36-6</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>UFW status is: "Status: active"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_disabled.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>UFW status is: "Status: active"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                      • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                        Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                        Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                        Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                      Manual

                                                                                                                                                                                      3.5.2.3 Ensure iptables are flushed with nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                      nftables is a replacement for iptables, ip6tables, ebtables and arptables

                                                                                                                                                                                      It is possible to mix iptables and nftables. However, this increases complexity and also the chance to introduce errors. For simplicity flush out all iptables rules, and ensure it is not loaded

                                                                                                                                                                                      Run the following commands to flush iptables:

                                                                                                                                                                                      For iptables:

                                                                                                                                                                                      # iptables -F

                                                                                                                                                                                      For ip6tables:

                                                                                                                                                                                      # ip6tables -F



                                                                                                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.982Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                        • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                          Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                          Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                          Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                        3.5.2.4 Ensure a nftables table exists

                                                                                                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                        Tables hold chains. Each table only has one address family and only applies to packets of this family. Tables can have one of five families.

                                                                                                                                                                                        nftables doesn't have any default tables. Without a table being build, nftables will not filter network traffic.

                                                                                                                                                                                        Run the following command to create a table in nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                        # nft create table inet <table name>

                                                                                                                                                                                        Example:

                                                                                                                                                                                        # nft create table inet filter

                                                                                                                                                                                        Impact:

                                                                                                                                                                                        Adding rules to a running nftables can cause loss of connectivity to the system

                                                                                                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                        OR
                                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/nft_tables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Missing nftables rule.
                                                                                                                                                                                        Errors:
                                                                                                                                                                                        • /home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_tables.sh: line 12: nft: command not found
                                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                        • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                        • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                        No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.983Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456337_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_tables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nft_tables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_tables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_tables.sh: line 12: nft: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nft_tables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_tables.sh: line 12: nft: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                            Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                            Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                          Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                          3.5.2.5 Ensure nftables base chains exist

                                                                                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                          Chains are containers for rules. They exist in two kinds, base chains and regular chains. A base chain is an entry point for packets from the networking stack, a regular chain may be used as jump target and is used for better rule organization.

                                                                                                                                                                                          If a base chain doesn't exist with a hook for input, forward, and delete, packets that would flow through those chains will not be touched by nftables.

                                                                                                                                                                                          Run the following command to create the base chains:

                                                                                                                                                                                          # nft create chain inet <table name> <base chain name> { type filter hook <(input|forward|output)> priority 0 \; }

                                                                                                                                                                                          Example:

                                                                                                                                                                                          # nft create chain inet filter input { type filter hook input priority 0 \; }



                                                                                                                                                                                          # nft create chain inet filter forward { type filter hook forward priority 0 \; }



                                                                                                                                                                                          # nft create chain inet filter output { type filter hook output priority 0 \; }

                                                                                                                                                                                          Impact:

                                                                                                                                                                                          If configuring nftables over ssh, creating a base chain with a policy of drop will cause loss of connectivity.

                                                                                                                                                                                          Ensure that a rule allowing ssh has been added to the base chain prior to setting the base chain's policy to drop

                                                                                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                          OR
                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/nft_ruleset.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Missing nftables rule.
                                                                                                                                                                                          Errors:
                                                                                                                                                                                          • /home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/nft_ruleset.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Missing nftables rule.
                                                                                                                                                                                          Errors:
                                                                                                                                                                                          • /home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/nft_ruleset.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Missing nftables rule.
                                                                                                                                                                                          Errors:
                                                                                                                                                                                          • /home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                          • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                          • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.983Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456341_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456343_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456345_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                            • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                              Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                              Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                              Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                            Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                            3.5.2.6 Ensure nftables loopback traffic is configured

                                                                                                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                            Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network

                                                                                                                                                                                            Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                                                                                                                                                                                            Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                                                                                                                                                                                            # nft add rule inet filter input iif lo accept # nft create rule inet filter input ip saddr 127.0.0.0/8 counter drop

                                                                                                                                                                                            IF IPv6 is enabled on the system:

                                                                                                                                                                                            Run the following command to implement the IPv6 loopback rule:

                                                                                                                                                                                            # nft add rule inet filter input ip6 saddr ::1 counter drop

                                                                                                                                                                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                            Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                            OR
                                                                                                                                                                                            Script: sce/nft_loopback.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                            Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                            Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                            Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                            • "iif "lo" accept" is not set
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Packets sourced from "127.0.0.1" are not set to drop
                                                                                                                                                                                            • IPv6 is enabled, but packets sourced from "::1" are not set to drop
                                                                                                                                                                                            No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                            Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                            Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                            Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                            Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                            • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                            • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                            No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.983Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_loopback.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nft_loopback.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_loopback.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>"iif "lo" accept" is not set</l>
                  <l>Packets sourced from "127.0.0.1" are not set to drop</l>
                  <l>IPv6 is enabled, but packets sourced from "::1" are not set to drop</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nft_loopback.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>"iif "lo" accept" is not set</li>
                              <li>Packets sourced from "127.0.0.1" are not set to drop</li>
                              <li>IPv6 is enabled, but packets sourced from "::1" are not set to drop</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                              Manual

                                                                                                                                                                                              3.5.2.7 Ensure nftables outbound and established connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                              Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established connections

                                                                                                                                                                                              If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                              Configure nftables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:

                                                                                                                                                                                              # nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol tcp ct state established accept



                                                                                                                                                                                              # nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol udp ct state established accept



                                                                                                                                                                                              # nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol icmp ct state established accept



                                                                                                                                                                                              # nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol tcp ct state new,related,established accept



                                                                                                                                                                                              # nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol udp ct state new,related,established accept



                                                                                                                                                                                              # nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol icmp ct state new,related,established accept



                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.983Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                3.5.2.8 Ensure nftables default deny firewall policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                Base chain policy is the default verdict that will be applied to packets reaching the end of the chain.

                                                                                                                                                                                                There are two policies: accept (Default) and drop. If the policy is set to accept , the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied and the packet will continue transversing the network stack.

                                                                                                                                                                                                It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                                Note: Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.

                                                                                                                                                                                                Run the following command for the base chains with the input, forward, and output hooks to implement a default DROP policy:

                                                                                                                                                                                                # nft chain <table family> <table name> <chain name> { policy drop \; }

                                                                                                                                                                                                Example:

                                                                                                                                                                                                # nft chain inet filter input { policy drop \; }



                                                                                                                                                                                                # nft chain inet filter forward { policy drop \; }



                                                                                                                                                                                                # nft chain inet filter output { policy drop \; }

                                                                                                                                                                                                Impact:

                                                                                                                                                                                                If configuring nftables over ssh, creating a base chain with a policy of drop will cause loss of connectivity.

                                                                                                                                                                                                Ensure that a rule allowing ssh has been added to the base chain prior to setting the base chain's policy to drop

                                                                                                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • "input" basechain does not have a default drop policy
                                                                                                                                                                                                Errors:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • /home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
                                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • "forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy
                                                                                                                                                                                                Errors:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • /home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
                                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • "output" basechain does not have a default drop policy
                                                                                                                                                                                                Errors:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • /home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
                                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.983Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">Manual Page nft</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456353_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456354_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456356_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>"output" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>"output" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                • URL: Manual Page nft

                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                3.5.2.9 Ensure nftables service is enabled

                                                                                                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                The nftables service allows for the loading of nftables rulesets during boot, or starting on the nftables service

                                                                                                                                                                                                The nftables service restores the nftables rules from the rules files referenced in the /etc/nftables.conf file during boot or the starting of the nftables service

                                                                                                                                                                                                Run the following command to enable the nftables service:

                                                                                                                                                                                                # systemctl enable nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                Criterion: Ensure standard service 'nftables' is enabled
                                                                                                                                                                                                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                Unit String Exists nftables
                                                                                                                                                                                                Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                                                                                                                                                                Value String Exists No Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.983Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456360"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456360">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456360"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure standard service 'nftables' is enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nftables</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                  3.5.2.10 Ensure nftables rules are permanent

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                  nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames.

                                                                                                                                                                                                  The nftables service reads the /etc/nftables.conf file for a nftables file or files to include in the nftables ruleset.

                                                                                                                                                                                                  A nftables ruleset containing the input, forward, and output base chains allow network traffic to be filtered.

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Changes made to nftables ruleset only affect the live system, you will also need to configure the nftables ruleset to apply on boot

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Edit the /etc/nftables.conf file and un-comment or add a line with include <Absolute path to nftables rules file> for each nftables file you want included in the nftables ruleset on boot

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Example:

                                                                                                                                                                                                  # vi /etc/nftables.conf

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Add the line:

                                                                                                                                                                                                  include "/etc/nftables.rules"

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                  OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/nftables.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*include\s+\S+
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                  No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • NFTables is not in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.983Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484922"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484922">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484922"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/nftables.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*include\s+\S+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                                                                    3.5.3 Configure iptables

                                                                                                                                                                                                    If Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) or nftables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    IPtables is an application that allows a system administrator to configure the IPv4 and IPv6 tables, chains and rules provided by the Linux kernel firewall. While several methods of configuration exist this section is intended only to ensure the resulting IPtables rules are in place, not how they are configured. If IPv6 is in use in your environment, similar settings should be applied to the IP6tables as well.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Note: Configuration of a live system's firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out

                                                                                                                                                                                                    3.5.3.1 Configure iptables software

                                                                                                                                                                                                    This section provides guidance for installing, enabling, removing, and disabling software packages necessary for using IPTables as the method for configuring and maintaining a Host Based Firewall on the system.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Note: Using more than one method to configure and maintain a Host Based Firewall can cause unexpected results. If FirewallD or NFTables are being used for configuration and maintenance, this section should be skipped and the guidance in their respective section followed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                    3.5.3.1.1 Ensure iptables packages are installed

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                    iptables is a utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall, implemented as different Netfilter modules, and the chains and rules it stores. Different kernel modules and programs are used for different protocols; iptables applies to IPv4, ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables to Ethernet frames.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    A method of configuring and maintaining firewall rules is necessary to configure a Host Based Firewall.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Run the following command to install iptables and iptables-persistent

                                                                                                                                                                                                    # apt install iptables iptables-persistent

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                    OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                    AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'iptables' is installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Dpkginfo Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Name String Exists iptables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Arch String Exists amd64
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Release String Exists 3ubuntu2
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Version String Exists 1.8.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Evr Evr String Exists 0:1.8.4-3ubuntu2
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                    No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                    No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.984Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456369"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456369">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456369"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables' is installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>iptables</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Arch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>amd64</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Epoch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>(none)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Release</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>3ubuntu2</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Version</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1.8.4</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Evr</td>
                                 <td>Evr String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0:1.8.4-3ubuntu2</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456371"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456371">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456371"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                      3.5.3.1.2 Ensure nftables is not installed with iptables

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                      nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames and is the successor to iptables.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Running both iptables and nftables may lead to conflict.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Run the following command to remove nftables :

                                                                                                                                                                                                      # apt purge nftables

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                      OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                      No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.984Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456376"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456376">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456376"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.5.3.1.3 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with iptables

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Uses a command-line interface consisting of a small number of simple commands
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Uses iptables for configuration

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Running iptables.persistent with ufw enabled may lead to conflict and unexpected results.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Run one of the following commands to either remove ufw or stop and mask ufw

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Run the following command to remove ufw :

                                                                                                                                                                                                        # apt purge ufw

                                                                                                                                                                                                        OR

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Run the following commands to disable ufw :

                                                                                                                                                                                                        # ufw disable

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                        OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                        OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Existence Check: None Exist
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Dpkginfo Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Name String Exists ufw
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Arch String Exists all
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Release String Exists 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Version String Exists 0.36
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.36-6
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/ufw_disabled.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • UFW status is: "Status: active"
                                                                                                                                                                                                        No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                        No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.984Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456380"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456380">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456380"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ufw</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Arch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>all</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Epoch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>(none)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Release</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>6</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Version</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0.36</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Evr</td>
                                 <td>Evr String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0:0.36-6</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>UFW status is: "Status: active"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_disabled.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>UFW status is: "Status: active"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                                                                          3.5.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Iptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains.

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Each chain is a list of rules which can match a set of packets. Each rule specifies what to do with a packet that matches. This is called a 'target', which may be a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table.

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Note: This section broadly assumes starting with an empty IPtables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with iptables -F). Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot. Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot. The following script will implement the firewall rules of this section and open port 22(ssh) from anywhere:

                                                                                                                                                                                                          #!/bin/bash



                                                                                                                                                                                                          # Flush IPtables rules

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -F



                                                                                                                                                                                                          # Ensure default deny firewall policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -P INPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -P FORWARD DROP



                                                                                                                                                                                                          # Ensure loopback traffic is configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP



                                                                                                                                                                                                          # Ensure outbound and established connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                                                                                                                                                                                                          # Open inbound ssh(tcp port 22) connections

                                                                                                                                                                                                          iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                          3.5.3.2.1 Ensure iptables loopback traffic is configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8).

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (127.0.0.0/8) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                                                                                                                                                                                                          # iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          # iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                          # iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                          OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/iptables_input.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Missing iptables rule.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/iptables_input.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Missing iptables rule.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/iptables_output.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Missing iptables rule.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                          No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.984Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509664_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_input.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_input.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509665_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_input.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_input.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509666_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_output.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/iptables_output.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/iptables_output.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/iptables_output.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Manual

                                                                                                                                                                                                            3.5.3.2.2 Ensure iptables outbound and established connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established connections.

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                                                                                                                                                                                                            If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Configure iptables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:

                                                                                                                                                                                                            # iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                            # iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                            # iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                            # iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                            # iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                            # iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                                                                                                                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.984Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                              3.5.3.2.3 Ensure iptables default deny firewall policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                              A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                                                                                                                                                                                                              With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Run the following commands to implement a default DROP policy:

                                                                                                                                                                                                              # iptables -P INPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                              # iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                              # iptables -P FORWARD DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                              OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Script: sce/iptables_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                              No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Script: sce/iptables_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                              No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Script: sce/iptables_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                              No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                              No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.984Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509660_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509661_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509662_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out/>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                3.5.3.2.4 Ensure iptables firewall rules exist for all open ports

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Note:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult iptables documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                # iptables -A INPUT -p <protocol> --dport <port> -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "80", "22", "25", "443"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.984Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "80", "22", "25", "443"</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "80", "22", "25", "443"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3.5.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ip6tables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains. Each chain is a list of rules which can match a set of packets. Each rule specifies what to do with a packet that matches. This is called a `target', which may be a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  If IPv6 in enabled on the system, the ip6tables should be configured.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Note: This section broadly assumes starting with an empty ip6tables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with ip6tables -F). Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot. Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The following script will implement the firewall rules of this section and open port 22(ssh) from anywhere:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  #!/bin/bash



                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # Flush ip6tables rules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -F



                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # Ensure default deny firewall policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -P INPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -P OUTPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP



                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # Ensure loopback traffic is configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A INPUT -s ::1 -j DROP



                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # Ensure outbound and established connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # Open inbound ssh(tcp port 22) connections

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3.5.3.3.1 Ensure ip6tables loopback traffic is configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (::1).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Note:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (::1) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  # ip6tables -A INPUT -s ::1 -j DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/iptv6_loopback.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/iptv6_loopback.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l>Status: active</l>
                     <l>Passed: </l>
                     <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                     <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Status: active</li>
                                 <li>Passed: </li>
                                 <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                                 <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Manual

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3.5.3.3.2 Ensure ip6tables outbound and established connections are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established IPv6 connections.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Note:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Configure iptables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    # ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    # ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    # ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc6:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1/control/9/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3.5.3.3.3 Ensure ip6tables default deny firewall policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Note:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Run the following commands to implement a default DROP policy:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      # ip6tables -P INPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      # ip6tables -P OUTPUT DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      # ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/ip6tables_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/ip6tables_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/ip6tables_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No output lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509650_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="pass"
                                     script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="101">
                        <out/>
                        <err/>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>101</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509651_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="pass"
                                     script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="101">
                        <out/>
                        <err/>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>101</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509652_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.5.3.3.4 Ensure ip6tables firewall rules exist for all open ports

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Note:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult iptables documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        # ip6tables -A INPUT -p <protocol> --dport <port> -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "80", "22", "25"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 102
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • IPv6 is enabled on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        No error lines were collected.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exit Value: 101
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Output:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Status: active
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Passed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • iptables-persistent is not installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • UFW is in use on the system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        No error lines were collected.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "80", "22", "25"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "80", "22", "25"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/home/crosslife/Assessor-CLI/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Status: active</l>
                  <l>Passed: </l>
                  <l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
                  <l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Status: active</li>
                              <li>Passed: </li>
                              <li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
                              <li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Subcontrol: 9.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4 Logging and Auditing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The items in this section describe how to configure logging, log monitoring, and auditing, using tools included in most distributions.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          It is recommended that rsyslog be used for logging (with logwatch providing summarization) and auditd be used for auditing (with aureport providing summarization) to automatically monitor logs for intrusion attempts and other suspicious system behavior.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          In addition to the local log files created by the steps in this section, it is also recommended that sites collect copies of their system logs on a secure, centralized log server via an encrypted connection. Not only does centralized logging help sites correlate events that may be occurring on multiple systems, but having a second copy of the system log information may be critical after a system compromise where the attacker has modified the local log files on the affected system(s). If a log correlation system is deployed, configure it to process the logs described in this section.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Because it is often necessary to correlate log information from many different systems (particularly after a security incident) it is recommended that the time be synchronized among systems and devices connected to the local network.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          It is important that all logs described in this section be monitored on a regular basis and correlated to determine trends. A seemingly innocuous entry in one log could be more significant when compared to an entry in another log.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Note on log file permissions: There really isn't a "one size fits all" solution to the permissions on log files. Many sites utilize group permissions so that administrators who are in a defined security group, such as "wheel" do not have to elevate privileges to root in order to read log files. Also, if a third party log aggregation tool is used, it may need to have group permissions to read the log files, which is preferable to having it run setuid to root. Therefore, there are two remediation and audit steps for log file permissions. One is for systems that do not have a secured group method implemented that only permits root to read the log files ( root:root 600 ). The other is for sites that do have such a setup and are designated as root:securegrp 640 where securegrp is the defined security group (in some cases wheel ).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.1 Configure System Accounting (auditd)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          System auditing, through auditd , allows system administrators to monitor their systems such that they can detect unauthorized access or modification of data. By default, auditd will audit AppArmor AVC denials, system logins, account modifications, and authentication events. Events will be logged to /var/log/audit/audit.log . The recording of these events will use a modest amount of disk space on a system. If significantly more events are captured, additional on system or off system storage may need to be allocated.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The recommendations in this section implement an audit policy that produces large quantities of logged data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • In some environments it can be challenging to store or process these logs and as such they are marked as Level 2 for both Servers and Workstations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Audit rules that have arch as a rule parameter:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • On 64 bit systems, you will need two rules, one for 64 bit and one for 32 bit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • On 32 bit systems, only the 32 bit rule is needed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Several recommendations in this section filter based off of auid>=1000 for unprivileged non-system users. Some systems may have a non-default UID_MIN setting, consult the UID_MIN setting in /etc/login.defs to determine the UID_MIN setting for your system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The audits in this section look for a key value. The key value may be different for the audit rules on your system. If a different key value, denoted by -k or key= is used on your system, please replace the grep <key_value> with the key value in use on your system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Once all audit rules have been added to a file or files in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, the auditd service must be re-started, or the system rebooted, for the new rules to be included

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.1.1 Ensure auditing is enabled

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.1.2 Configure Data Retention

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          When auditing, it is important to carefully configure the storage requirements for audit logs. By default, auditd will max out the log files at 5MB and retain only 4 copies of them. Older versions will be deleted. It is possible on a system that the 20 MBs of audit logs may fill up the system causing loss of audit data. While the recommendations here provide guidance, check your site policy for audit storage requirements.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.2 Configure Logging

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Logging services should be configured to prevent information leaks and to aggregate logs on a remote server so that they can be reviewed in the event of a system compromise and ease log analysis.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.2.1 Configure rsyslog

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The rsyslog software is recommended as a replacement for the syslogd daemon and provides improvements over syslogd , such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.2.1.1 Ensure rsyslog is installed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The rsyslog software is a recommended replacement to the original syslogd daemon which provide improvements over syslogd , such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The security enhancements of rsyslog such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server) justify installing and configuring the package.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Install rsyslog:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          # apt install rsyslog

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Dpkginfo Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Name String Exists rsyslog
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Arch String Exists amd64
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Epoch String Exists (none)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Release String Exists 1ubuntu1.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Version String Exists 8.2001.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Evr Evr String Exists 0:8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.1


                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456291"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456291">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456291"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsyslog</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1ubuntu1.1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2001.0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 6.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Label: Activate audit logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Subcontrol: 6.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4.2.1.2 Ensure rsyslog Service is enabled

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Once the rsyslog package is installed it needs to be activated.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            If the rsyslog service is not activated the system may default to the syslogd service or lack logging instead.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Run the following commands to enable rsyslog :

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            # systemctl --now enable rsyslog

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Criterion: Ensure standard service 'rsyslog' is enabled
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Systemdunitproperty Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Unit String Exists rsyslog
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Property String Exists UnitFileState
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Value String Exists enabled


                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456296"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456296">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456296"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure standard service 'rsyslog' is enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsyslog</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Activate audit logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Manual

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.1.3 Ensure logging is configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files specifies rules for logging and which files are to be used to log certain classes of messages.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A great deal of important security-related information is sent via rsyslog (e.g., successful and failed su attempts, failed login attempts, root login attempts, etc.).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Edit the following lines in the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files as appropriate for your environment:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *.emerg :omusrmsg:*

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              mail.* -/var/log/mail

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              mail.info -/var/log/mail.info

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              mail.warning -/var/log/mail.warn

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              mail.err /var/log/mail.err

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              news.crit -/var/log/news/news.crit

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              news.err -/var/log/news/news.err

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              news.notice -/var/log/news/news.notice

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *.=warning;*.=err -/var/log/warn

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *.crit /var/log/warn

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *.*;mail.none;news.none -/var/log/messages

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              local0,local1.* -/var/log/localmessages

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              local2,local3.* -/var/log/localmessages

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              local4,local5.* -/var/log/localmessages

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              local6,local7.* -/var/log/localmessages

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Run the following command to reload the rsyslog configuration:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              # systemctl reload rsyslog



                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Activate audit logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.1.4 Ensure rsyslog default file permissions configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              rsyslog will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This setting controls what permissions will be applied to these newly created files.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files and set every instance of $FileCreateMode to 0640 or more restrictive:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              $FileCreateMode 0640

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /etc/rsyslog.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists rsyslog.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pattern String Exists ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Line String Exists $FileCreateMode 0640
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Text String Exists $FileCreateMode 0640
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Windows View String Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: At least one
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.985Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456300"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456300">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456300"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/rsyslog.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsyslog.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$FileCreateMode 0640</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$FileCreateMode 0640</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456303"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456303">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456303"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 5.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fail

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.1.5 Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The rsyslog utility supports the ability to send logs it gathers to a remote log host running syslogd(8) or to receive messages from remote hosts, reducing administrative overhead.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Note: Ensure that the selection of logfiles being sent follows local site policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files and add one of the following lines:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Newer syntax:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <files to sent to the remote log server> action(type="omfwd" target="<FQDN or ip of loghost>" port="<port number>" protocol="tcp"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              action.resumeRetryCount="<number of re-tries>"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              queue.type="LinkedList" queue.size=<number of messages to queue>")

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Example:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *.* action(type="omfwd" target="192.168.2.100" port="514" protocol="tcp"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              action.resumeRetryCount="100"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              queue.type="LinkedList" queue.size="1000")

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Older syntax:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *.* @@<FQDN or ip of loghost>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Example:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *.* @@192.168.2.100

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Run the following command to reload the rsyslog configuration:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              # systemctl restart rsyslog

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+\@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+\@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: At least one
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?action\(([^#]+\s+)?\btarget="?[^#"]+"?\b
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?action\(([^#]+\s+)?\btarget=\"?[^#"]+\"?\b
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Fail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No matching system items were found.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.986Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484934"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484934">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484934"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+\@</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484935"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484935">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484935"
                             check="at least one"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+\@</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>At least one</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484936"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484936">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484936"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?action\(([^#]+\s+)?\btarget="?[^#"]+"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484937"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484937">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484937"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?action\(([^#]+\s+)?\btarget=\"?[^#"]+\"?\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Deploy SIEM or Log Analytic tool
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Deploy Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) or log analytic tool for log correlation and analysis.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Regularly Tune SIEM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: On a regular basis, tune your SIEM system to better identify actionable events and decrease event noise.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Manual

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.1.6 Ensure remote rsyslog messages are only accepted on designated log hosts.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              By default, rsyslog does not listen for log messages coming in from remote systems. The ModLoad tells rsyslog to load the imtcp.so module so it can listen over a network via TCP. The InputTCPServerRun option instructs rsyslogd to listen on the specified TCP port.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The guidance in the section ensures that remote log hosts are configured to only accept rsyslog data from hosts within the specified domain and that those systems that are not designed to be log hosts do not accept any remote rsyslog messages. This provides protection from spoofed log data and ensures that system administrators are reviewing reasonably complete syslog data in a central location.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Note: The $ModLoad imtcp line can have the .so extension added to the end of the module, or use the full path to the module

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              For hosts that are designated as log hosts, edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf file and un-comment or add the following lines:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              $ModLoad imtcp



                                                                                                                                                                                                                              $InputTCPServerRun 514

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              For hosts that are not designated as log hosts, edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf file and comment or remove the following lines:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              # $ModLoad imtcp



                                                                                                                                                                                                                              # $InputTCPServerRun 514

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Run the following command to reload the rsyslogd configuration:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              # systemctl restart rsyslog



                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.986Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog(8) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • URL: See the rsyslog(8) man page for more information.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 9.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.2 Configure journald

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              systemd-journald is a system service that collects and stores logging data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed journals based on logging information that is received from a variety of sources: Kernel log messages, via kmsg

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Any changes made to the systemd-journald configuration will require a re-start of systemd-journald

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.2.1 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Utilities exist to accept remote export of journald logs, however, use of the rsyslog service provides a consistent means of log collection and export.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Notes:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • This recommendation assumes that recommendation 4.2.1.5, "Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host" has been implemented.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • As noted in the journald man pages, journald logs may be exported to rsyslog either through the process mentioned here, or through a facility like systemd-journald.service . There are trade-offs involved in each implementation, where ForwardToSyslog will immediately capture all events (and forward to an external log server, if properly configured), but may not capture all boot-up activities. Mechanisms such as systemd-journald.service , on the other hand, will record bootup events, but may delay sending the information to rsyslog, leading to the potential for log manipulation prior to export. Be aware of the limitations of all tools employed to secure a system.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The main configuration file /etc/systemd/journald.conf is read before any of the custom *.conf files. If there are custom configs present, they override the main configuration parameters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and add the following line:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ForwardToSyslog=yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /etc/systemd/journald.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /etc/systemd
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists journald.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pattern String Exists ^\s*(?i)ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Line String Exists ForwardToSyslog=yes #ForwardToKMsg=no #ForwardToConsole=no #ForwardToWall=yes #TTYPath=/dev/console #MaxLevelStore=debug #MaxLevelSyslog=debug #MaxLevelKMsg=notice #MaxLevelConsole=info #MaxLevelWall=emerg #LineMax=48K #ReadKMsg=yes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Text String Exists ForwardToSyslog=yes #ForwardToKMsg=no #ForwardToConsole=no #ForwardToWall=yes #TTYPath=/dev/console #MaxLevelStore=debug #MaxLevelSyslog=debug #MaxLevelKMsg=notice #MaxLevelConsole=info #MaxLevelWall=emerg #LineMax=48K #ReadKMsg=yes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Subexpression String Exists #ReadKMsg=yes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Windows View String Not collected No Value


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.986Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456319"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456319">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456319"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd/journald.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>journald.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\s*(?i)ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ForwardToSyslog=yes
#ForwardToKMsg=no
#ForwardToConsole=no
#ForwardToWall=yes
#TTYPath=/dev/console
#MaxLevelStore=debug
#MaxLevelSyslog=debug
#MaxLevelKMsg=notice
#MaxLevelConsole=info
#MaxLevelWall=emerg
#LineMax=48K
#ReadKMsg=yes</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ForwardToSyslog=yes
#ForwardToKMsg=no
#ForwardToConsole=no
#ForwardToWall=yes
#TTYPath=/dev/console
#MaxLevelStore=debug
#MaxLevelSyslog=debug
#MaxLevelKMsg=notice
#MaxLevelConsole=info
#MaxLevelWall=emerg
#LineMax=48K
#ReadKMsg=yes</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>
#ReadKMsg=yes</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Central Log Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log management system for analysis and review.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.2.2 Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The journald system includes the capability of compressing overly large files to avoid filling up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Note: The main configuration file /etc/systemd/journald.conf is read before any of the custom *.conf files. If there are custom configs present, they override the main configuration parameters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uncompressed large files may unexpectedly fill a filesystem leading to resource unavailability. Compressing logs prior to write can prevent sudden, unexpected filesystem impacts.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and add the following line:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Compress=yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Compress\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /etc/systemd/journald.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /etc/systemd
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists journald.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pattern String Exists ^\s*(?i)Compress\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Line String Exists Compress=yes #Seal=yes #SplitMode=uid #SyncIntervalSec=5m #RateLimitIntervalSec=30s #RateLimitBurst=10000 #SystemMaxUse= #SystemKeepFree= #SystemMaxFileSize= #SystemMaxFiles=100 #RuntimeMaxUse= #RuntimeKeepFree= #RuntimeMaxFileSize= #RuntimeMaxFiles=100 #MaxRetentionSec= #MaxFileSec=1month
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Text String Exists Compress=yes #Seal=yes #SplitMode=uid #SyncIntervalSec=5m #RateLimitIntervalSec=30s #RateLimitBurst=10000 #SystemMaxUse= #SystemKeepFree= #SystemMaxFileSize= #SystemMaxFiles=100 #RuntimeMaxUse= #RuntimeKeepFree= #RuntimeMaxFileSize= #RuntimeMaxFiles=100 #MaxRetentionSec= #MaxFileSec=1month
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Subexpression String Exists #MaxFileSec=1month
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Windows View String Not collected No Value


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.986Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456323"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456323">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456323"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Compress\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd/journald.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>journald.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\s*(?i)Compress\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>Compress=yes
#Seal=yes
#SplitMode=uid
#SyncIntervalSec=5m
#RateLimitIntervalSec=30s
#RateLimitBurst=10000
#SystemMaxUse=
#SystemKeepFree=
#SystemMaxFileSize=
#SystemMaxFiles=100
#RuntimeMaxUse=
#RuntimeKeepFree=
#RuntimeMaxFileSize=
#RuntimeMaxFiles=100
#MaxRetentionSec=
#MaxFileSec=1month</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>Compress=yes
#Seal=yes
#SplitMode=uid
#SyncIntervalSec=5m
#RateLimitIntervalSec=30s
#RateLimitBurst=10000
#SystemMaxUse=
#SystemKeepFree=
#SystemMaxFileSize=
#SystemMaxFiles=100
#RuntimeMaxUse=
#RuntimeKeepFree=
#RuntimeMaxFileSize=
#RuntimeMaxFiles=100
#MaxRetentionSec=
#MaxFileSec=1month</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>
#MaxFileSec=1month</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.2.3 Ensure journald is configured to write logfiles to persistent disk

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Logs in memory will be lost upon a system reboot. By persisting logs to local disk on the server they are protected from loss.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Note: The main configuration file /etc/systemd/journald.conf is read before any of the custom *.conf files. If there are custom configs present, they override the main configuration parameters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Writing log data to disk will provide the ability to forensically reconstruct events which may have impacted the operations or security of a system even after a system crash or reboot.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and add the following line:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Storage=persistent

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Storage\s*=\s*persistent(\s+#.*)*$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: At least one
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Textfilecontent Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /etc/systemd/journald.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /etc/systemd
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists journald.conf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pattern String Exists ^\s*(?i)Storage\s*=\s*persistent(\s+#.*)*$
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Instance Int Exists 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Line String Exists Storage=persistent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Text String Exists Storage=persistent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Windows View String Not collected No Value


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Rule Result XML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2022-04-13T17:15:55.986Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456326"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456326">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456326"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Storage\s*=\s*persistent(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd/journald.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>journald.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\s*(?i)Storage\s*=\s*persistent(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>Storage=persistent</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>Storage=persistent</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CIS Controls V7.0:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Activate audit logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIS Control Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Subcontrol: 6.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.2.3 Ensure permissions on all logfiles are configured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Description:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Log files stored in /var/log/ contain logged information from many services on the system, or on log hosts others as well.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Note: You may also need to change the configuration for your logging software or services for any logs that had incorrect permissions.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Run the following commands to set permissions on all existing log files:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              find /var/log -type f -exec chmod g-wx,o-rwx "{}" + -o -type d -exec chmod g-w,o-rwx "{}" +

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Show Assessment Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Complex Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Criterion: Ensure any file(s) named .* in /var/log exists and does not have permissions ----wxrwx
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Existence Check: Any Exist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Item Check: All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Result: Pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              File Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /var/log/dmesg.3.gz
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /var/log
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists dmesg.3.gz
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Type String Exists regular
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Group Id Int Exists 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              User Id Int Exists 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A Time Int Exists 1649851837
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C Time Int Exists 1649866674
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M Time Int Exists 1649784678
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Size Int Exists 17628
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Suid Int Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sgid Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sticky Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oread Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Owrite Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              File Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /var/log/syslog.5.gz
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /var/log
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists syslog.5.gz
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Type String Exists regular
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Group Id Int Exists 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              User Id Int Exists 104
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A Time Int Exists 1649851837
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C Time Int Exists 1649866674
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M Time Int Exists 1649462401
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Size Int Exists 13594
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Suid Int Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sgid Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sticky Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oread Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Owrite Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              File Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /var/log/syslog
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /var/log
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists syslog
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Type String Exists regular
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Group Id Int Exists 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              User Id Int Exists 104
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A Time Int Exists 1649847713
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C Time Int Exists 1649870119
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M Time Int Exists 1649870119
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Size Int Exists 781138
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Suid Int Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sgid Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sticky Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oread Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Owrite Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              File Item
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Name Type Status Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filepath String Exists /var/log/kern.log.4.gz
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Path String Exists /var/log
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Filename String Exists kern.log.4.gz
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Type String Exists regular
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Group Id Int Exists 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              User Id Int Exists 104
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A Time Int Exists 1649851837
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C Time Int Exists 1649866674
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M Time Int Exists 1633936125
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Size Int Exists 150
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Suid Int Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sgid Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sticky Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Uexec Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gread Boolean Exists true
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gexec Boolean Exists false
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